Chloride source delineation in an urban‐agricultural watershed: Deicing agents versus agricultural contributions

The main principle of the strategy for the complex improvement of the functioning of northern cities in winter, including their infrastructure development, is a comprehensive solution of the problem of industrial-scale snow-mass collection, removal and utilization at different areas of urban roadway networks. For its implementation in the capital of Russia, “MosvodokanalNIIproject” JSC developed in 2002 the Snow Removal Master Plan for the city of Moscow. The meteorological conditions in the city, which have changed considerably in the recent years, including the changes in the snow-cover depth and in the road-surface areas to be cleaned, as well as emerging of new technologies for the cleaning of urban streets, yards and sidewalks and some new types of deicing agents, resulted in the necessity to update the above-mentioned Snow Removal Master Plan developed for the city of Moscow. Efficient application of deicing agents is of special importance for its updating in the context of the environmental safety of the city in a winter period. The article considers the results of the implementation of the updated Snow Removal Master Plan and contains some proposals concerning snow removal under the conditions of extreme snowfalls.

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Nonpoint source pollution modeling of an agricultural watershed within a geographic information system

10.31274/rtd-180813-10694 ◽

1996 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hsiu-Hua Liao

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Geographic Information System ◽

Nonpoint Source Pollution ◽

Geographic Information ◽

Nonpoint Source ◽

Agricultural Watershed ◽

Pollution Modeling

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Managing Material Transfer and Nutrient Flow in an Agricultural Watershed

Journal of Environmental Quality ◽

10.2134/jeq2003.0562 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 562 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. A. Nord ◽

L. E. Lanyon

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Watershed ◽

Material Transfer ◽

Nutrient Flow

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Long-Term (15 Years) Results of NPS Controls in an Agricultural Watershed upon a Receiving Lake's Water Quality

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0447 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (3-5) ◽

pp. 441-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Paul J. Garrison ◽

Timothy R. Asplund

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Water Clarity ◽

Management Control ◽

Agricultural Watershed ◽

Control Measures ◽

Phosphorus Loading ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

White Clay

Nonpoint source controls were installed in a 1215 ha agricultural watershed in northeastern Wisconsin in the late 1970. Changes were made in handling of animal wastes and cropping practices to reduce runoff of sediment and nutrients. Modelling results predicted a reduction in phosphorus runoff of 30 percent. The water quality of White Clay Lake has worsened since the installation of NPS controls. The lake's phosphorus concentration has increased from a mean of 29 µg L−1 in the late 1970s to 44 µg L−1 in recent years. Water clarity has declined from 2.7 to 2.1 m and the mean summer chlorophyll levels have increased from 9 to 13 µg L−1 with peak values exceeding 40 µg L−1. Increased phosphorus loading is not the result of elevated precipitation but instead the failure of the control measures to sufficiently reduce P loading. Most of the effort was placed on structural changes while most of the P loading comes from cropland runoff. Further, soil phosphorus concentrations have increased because of artificial fertilizers and manure spreading. The White Clay Lake experience is discouraging since the majority of the polluters in this watershed utilized some NPS control practices, including 76 percent of the farms which installed waste management control facilities.

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A renovated model for spatial analysis of pollutant runoff loads in agricultural watershed

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0403 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 207-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sung Ryong Ha ◽

Dhong Il Jung ◽

Cho Hee Yoon

Keyword(s):

Stream Water ◽

Digital Terrain Model ◽

Pollution Sources ◽

Agricultural Watershed ◽

Water Model ◽

Digital Information ◽

Gis Technology ◽

Terrain Model ◽

Unit Loading ◽

Pollutant Discharge

Runoff loads of pollutant in agricultural watersheds were spatially analyzed by using geographic information system(GIS) technology. The topological relationship between pollution sources in the watershed was, first of all, identified by using the developed digital map of land use and then the pollutant loads generated from each source was estimated by applying a conventional unit loading factor on the obtained digital information of pollution sources. To evaluate the loads delivered from spatially distributed pollution sources to monitoring stations in down stream via surface of watershed, a renovated empirical model incorporated with the information of pollutant discharge path was developed through introducing a digital terrain model(DTM) technique. In this model, the function of degradation of pollution loads during delivery process was simplified so that each watershed could have a basin-wide self-purification capacity which would be considered to be possessed inherently in each watershed and could retard the discharge of pollutants from sources generated to stream water. Model credibility showed good consistency with comparing the simulated values with observed data. Monte Carlo optimizing technique made it possible to estimate the basin-wide self-purification coefficients.

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