Diffusion model validation and interpretation of stable isotopes in river and lake ice

Stable isotopes have been used to identify the characteristics of precipitation, evaporation, basin hydrology, and residence times. However, lakes in the cold regions are usually covered by ice for 5–6 months. To get a better understanding of stable isotopes characteristics and indications in lake ice bodies, ice and water were sampled during the icebound season in both the ice and water bodies in Dali Lake, and deuterium, oxygen-18 total nitrogen (TN), and the major ions were analyzed. The results showed that deuterium and oxygen-18 compositions (δD-δ18O) compositions in the ice body were greater than in the water body beneath, scattered on a straight line, and deviating downward from the global meteoric water line in the top right. The ice profile showed that the δD-δ18O compositions increased from the ice surface downward and decreased near to the bottom. In contrast, the TN and the major ions in the ice decreased from the ice surface downward and increased near to the bottom, meaning that the concentrations of δ18O had a negative correlation with the concentrations of TN and major ions. These indicated that stable isotopes can be used for tracing the nutriment and ion transport processes in the ice body.

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A new lithium diffusion model in layered oxides based on asymmetric but reversible transition metal migration

Energy & Environmental Science ◽

10.1039/c9ee04123k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1269-1278 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kyojin Ku ◽

Byunghoon Kim ◽

Sung-Kyun Jung ◽

Yue Gong ◽

Donggun Eum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transition Metal ◽

Diffusion Model ◽

Layered Oxides ◽

Layered Oxide ◽

Reversible Transition ◽

Lithium Diffusion ◽

Metal Migration

We propose a new lithium diffusion model involving coupled lithium and transition metal migration, peculiarly occurring in a lithium-rich layered oxide.

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A stage 7 marine interglacial record (the Gr deland Interglacial) on J ren, southwestern Norway; foraminiferal, stable isotopes and amino acid evidence

Boreas ◽

10.1080/030094899750044396 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 326-346

Author(s):

Hans Petter Sejrup, Marianne Iversen, Ei

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Amino Acid

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Does the Name-Race Implicit Association Test Measure Racial Prejudice?

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000093 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 271-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Don van Ravenzwaaij ◽

Han L. J. van der Maas ◽

Eric-Jan Wagenmakers

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Model ◽

Implicit Association Test ◽

Alternative Explanation ◽

Group Membership ◽

Racial Prejudice ◽

Decision Time ◽

Association Test ◽

Implicit Association ◽

Model Decomposition ◽

Test Measure

Research using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has shown that names labeled as Caucasian elicit more positive associations than names labeled as non-Caucasian. One interpretation of this result is that the IAT measures latent racial prejudice. An alternative explanation is that the result is due to differences in in-group/out-group membership. In this study, we conducted three different IATs: one with same-race Dutch names versus racially charged Moroccan names; one with same-race Dutch names versus racially neutral Finnish names; and one with Moroccan names versus Finnish names. Results showed equivalent effects for the Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch-Finnish IATs, but no effect for the Finnish-Moroccan IAT. This suggests that the name-race IAT-effect is not due to racial prejudice. A diffusion model decomposition indicated that the IAT-effects were caused by changes in speed of information accumulation, response conservativeness, and non-decision time.

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Impact of Context Information on Metaphor Elaboration

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000422 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 370-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Veronika Lerche ◽

Ursula Christmann ◽

Andreas Voss

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Model ◽

Processing Speed ◽

A Priori ◽

Model Fit ◽

Verbal Task ◽

Context Information ◽

Speed Of Processing ◽

Good Account ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Decision Settings

Abstract. In experiments by Gibbs, Kushner, and Mills (1991) , sentences were supposedly either authored by poets or by a computer. Gibbs et al. (1991) concluded from their results that the assumed source of the text influences speed of processing, with a higher speed for metaphorical sentences in the Poet condition. However, the dependent variables used (e.g., mean RTs) do not allow clear conclusions regarding processing speed. It is also possible that participants had prior biases before the presentation of the stimuli. We conducted a conceptual replication and applied the diffusion model ( Ratcliff, 1978 ) to disentangle a possible effect on processing speed from a prior bias. Our results are in accordance with the interpretation by Gibbs et al. (1991) : The context information affected processing speed, not a priori decision settings. Additionally, analyses of model fit revealed that the diffusion model provided a good account of the data of this complex verbal task.

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