Characteristics and indications of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes distribution in lake ice body

Stable isotopes have been used to identify the characteristics of precipitation, evaporation, basin hydrology, and residence times. However, lakes in the cold regions are usually covered by ice for 5–6 months. To get a better understanding of stable isotopes characteristics and indications in lake ice bodies, ice and water were sampled during the icebound season in both the ice and water bodies in Dali Lake, and deuterium, oxygen-18 total nitrogen (TN), and the major ions were analyzed. The results showed that deuterium and oxygen-18 compositions (δD-δ18O) compositions in the ice body were greater than in the water body beneath, scattered on a straight line, and deviating downward from the global meteoric water line in the top right. The ice profile showed that the δD-δ18O compositions increased from the ice surface downward and decreased near to the bottom. In contrast, the TN and the major ions in the ice decreased from the ice surface downward and increased near to the bottom, meaning that the concentrations of δ18O had a negative correlation with the concentrations of TN and major ions. These indicated that stable isotopes can be used for tracing the nutriment and ion transport processes in the ice body.

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Depth–Sequential Investigation of Major Ions, δ18o, δ2h and δ13C in Fractured Aquifers of the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada) Using Passive Samplers

Water ◽

10.3390/w13131806 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 1806

Author(s):

Guillaume Meyzonnat ◽

Florent Barbecot ◽

José Corcho Alvarado ◽

Daniele Luigi Pinti ◽

Jean-Marc Lauzon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Major Ions ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Passive Samplers ◽

Flow Paths ◽

Aquifer Heterogeneity ◽

Fractured Aquifers ◽

Fractured Carbonate ◽

Observation Wells

General and isotopic geochemistry of groundwater is an essential tool to decipher hydrogeological contexts and flow paths. Different hydrogeochemical patterns may result from the inherent physical aquifer heterogeneity, which may go unnoticed without detailed investigations gathered from multilevel or multiple observation wells. An alternative to overcome the frequent unavailability of multiple wellbores at sites is to perform a detailed investigation on the single wellbore available. In this perspective, the aim of this study is to use passive samplers to sequentially collect groundwater at depths in long–screened wellbores. Such investigation is carried out for major ions and stable isotopes compositions (δ2H, δ18O, δ13C) at ten sites in the context of fractured carbonate aquifers of the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada). The information gathered from the calco–carbonic system, major ions and stable isotopes report poorly stratified and evolved groundwater bodies. Contribution of water impacted by anthropogenic activities, such as road salts pollution and carbon sources from C4 vegetation, when they occur, are even observed at the greatest depths. Such observations suggest quick flow paths and efficient mixing conditions, which leads to significant contributions of contemporary groundwater bodies in the fractured aquifers investigated down to depths of about 100 m. Although physical aquifer investigation reported few and heterogeneously distributed fractures per wellbore, hydrogeochemical findings point to at overall well interconnected fracture networks in the aquifer and high vulnerability of groundwater, even at significant depths.

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Tracing groundwater salinization processes in coastal aquifers: a hydrogeochemical and isotopic approach in the Na-Cl brackish waters of northwestern Sardinia, Italy

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-17-2917-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 2917-2928 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

G. Mongelli ◽

S. Monni ◽

G. Oggiano ◽

M. Paternoster ◽

R. Sinisi

Keyword(s):

Coastal Aquifers ◽

Meteoric Water ◽

Major Ions ◽

Mediterranean Islands ◽

Rock Interaction ◽

Water Line ◽

Brackish Waters ◽

Meteoric Water Line ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Water Rock Interaction

Abstract. Throughout the Mediterranean, salinization threatens water quality, especially in coastal areas. This salinization is the result of concomitant processes related to both seawater intrusion and water–rock interaction, which in some cases are virtually indistinguishable. In the Nurra region of northwestern Sardinia, recent salinization related to marine water intrusion has been caused by aquifer exploitation. However, the geology of this region records a long history from the Palaeozoic to the Quaternary, and is structurally complex and comprises a wide variety of lithologies, including Triassic evaporites. Determining the origin of the saline component of the Jurassic and Triassic aquifers in the Nurra region may provide a useful and more general model for salinization processes in the Mediterranean area, where the occurrence of evaporitic rocks in coastal aquifers is a common feature. In addition, due to intensive human activity and recent climatic change, the Nurra has become vulnerable to desertification and, in common with other Mediterranean islands, surface water resources periodically suffer from severe shortages. With this in mind, we report new data regarding brackish and surface waters (outcrop and lake samples) of the Na-Cl type from the Nurra region, including major ions and selected trace elements (B, Br, I, and Sr), in addition to isotopic data including δ18O, δD in water, and δ34S and δ18O in dissolved SO4. To identify the origin of the salinity more precisely, we also analysed the mineralogical and isotopic composition of Triassic evaporites. The brackish waters have Cl contents of up to 2025 mg L−1 , and the ratios between dissolved ions and Cl, with the exception of the Br / Cl ratio, are not those expected on the basis of simple mixing between rainwater and seawater. The δ18O and δD data indicate that most of the waters fall between the regional meteoric water line and the global meteoric water line, supporting the conclusion that they are meteoric in origin. A significant consequence of the meteoric origin of the Na-Cl-type water studied here is that the Br / Cl ratio, extensively used to assess the origin of salinity in fresh water, should be used with care in carbonate aquifers that are near the coast. Overall, δ34S and δ18O levels in dissolved SO4 suggest that water–rock interaction is responsible for the Na-Cl brackish composition of the water hosted by the Jurassic and Triassic aquifers of the Nurra, and this is consistent with the geology and lithological features of the study area. Evaporite dissolution may also explain the high Cl content, as halite was detected within the gypsum deposits. Finally, these Na-Cl brackish waters are undersaturated with respect to the more soluble salts, implying that in a climate evolving toward semi-arid conditions, the salinization process could intensify dramatically in the near future.

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Inconsistent relationships between major ions and water stable isotopes in Antarctic snow under different accumulation environments

Polar Science ◽

10.1016/j.polar.2015.12.003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yu Hoshina ◽

Koji Fujita ◽

Yoshinori Iizuka ◽

Hideaki Motoyama

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Major Ions ◽

Antarctic Snow

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Characterization of hydraulic properties in the upper vadose zone for two aquifers in Slovenia

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-2407 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vesna Zupanc ◽

Matjaž Glavan ◽

Miha Curk ◽

Urša Pečan ◽

Michael Stockinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Flow ◽

Vadose Zone ◽

Hydraulic Properties ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Transport Processes ◽

Precipitation Event ◽

Water Fluxes ◽

Flow And Transport

<p>Environmental tracers, present in the environment and provided by nature, provide integrative information about both water flow and transport. For studying water flow and solute transport, the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are of special interest, as their ratios provide a tracer signal with every precipitation event and are seasonally distributed. In order to follow the seasonal distribution of stable isotopes in the soil water and use this information for identifying hydrological processes and hydraulic properties, soil was sampled three times in three profiles, two on Kr&#353;ko polje aquifer in SE Slovenia and one on Ljubljansko polje in central Slovenia. Isotope composition of soil water was measured with the water-vapor-equilibration method. Based on the isotope composition of soil water integrative information about water flow and transport processes with time and depth below ground were assessed. Porewater isotopes were in similar range as precipitation for all three profiles. &#160;Variable isotope ratios in the upper 60 cm for the different sampling times indicated dynamic water fluxes in this upper part of the vadose zone. Results also showed more evaporation at one sampling location, Brege. The information from stable isotopes will be of importance for further analyzing the water fluxes in the vadose zone of the study sties.&#160;<br>This research was financed by the ARRS BIAT 20-21-32 and IAEA CRP 1.50.18 Multiple isotope fingerprints to identify sources and transport of agro-contaminants. &#160;</p>

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Determining the Discharge and Recharge Relationships between Lake and Groundwater in Lake Hulun Using Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes and Chloride Ions

Water ◽

10.3390/w11020264 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 264 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhiming Han ◽

Xiaohong Shi ◽

Keli Jia ◽

Biao Sun ◽

Shengnan Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Isotopes ◽

Meteoric Water ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Water Levels ◽

Tracer Method ◽

Aeration Zone ◽

Fractionation Process ◽

Hydrogen And Oxygen Isotopes ◽

Freezing Period

This study examined the discharge and recharge relationships between lake and groundwater in Lake Hulun using a novel tracer method that tracks hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and chloride ions. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation falling in the Lake Hulun Basin were compared with those in water samples from the lake and from the local river, well and spring water during both freezing and non-freezing periods in 2017. The results showed that the local meteoric water line equation in the Lake Hulun area is δD = 6.68 δ18O − 5.89‰ (R2 = 0.96) and the main source of water supply in the study area is precipitation. Long-term groundwater monitoring data revealed that the groundwater is effectively recharged by precipitation through the aeration zone. Exchanges between the various compounds during the strong evaporative fractionation process in groundwater are responsible for the gradual depletion of δ18O. The lake is recharged by groundwater during the non-freezing period, as shown in the map constructed to show the recharge and discharge relationships between the lake and groundwater. The steadily rising lake water levels in the summer mean that the water level before the freeze is high and consequently the water in the lake drains into the surrounding groundwater via faults along both sides of the lake during the frozen period. The groundwater is discharged into the lake in the west and into the Urson River in the east due to the Cuogang uplift.

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Radiation Transmittance through lake ice in the 400–700 nm Range

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s0022143000011229 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 27 (95) ◽

pp. 57-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. J. Bolsenga

Keyword(s):

Snow Cover ◽

Ice Cover ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Lake Ice ◽

Solar Altitude ◽

Ice Surface ◽

New Information ◽

Cloudy Atmosphere ◽

Abrupt Changes ◽

Ann Arbor

AbstractSignificant new information on radiation transmittance through ice in the photosynthetically active range (400–700 nm) has been collected at an inland lake near Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A., and at one site on the Great Lakes (lat. 46° 46´ N., long. 84° 57´ W.). Radiation transmittance through clear, refrozen slush, and brash ice varied according to snow cover, ice type, atmospheric conditions, and solar altitude.Snow cover caused the greatest diminution of radiation. During periods of snow melt, radiation transmittance through snow-covered ice surfaces increased slightly. Moderate diurnal variations of radiation transmittance (about 5%) are attributed to solar altitude changes and associated changes in the direct- diffuse balance of solar radiation combined with the type of ice surface studied. Variations in radiation transmittance of nearly 20% over short periods of time are attributed to abrupt changes from a clear to a cloudy atmosphere.A two-layer reflectance–transmittance model illustrates the interaction of layers in an ice cover such as snow or frost overlying clear ice. Upper layers of high reflectance have considerable control on the overall transmittance and reflectance of an ice cover.

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Distribution of the stable isotopes (δ18O, δD и δ13C) in natural waters of the Baydar valley (Crimean Peninsula)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20199801038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. 01038

Author(s):

Dmitry A. Novikov ◽

Larisa A. Nichkova ◽

Anatoliy V. Chernykh ◽

Fedor F. Dultsev ◽

Alexander N. Pyryaev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Natural Waters ◽

Meteoric Water ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Study Region ◽

Crimean Peninsula ◽

The Crimean Peninsula

Results of the study of the stable isotopes (δ18O, δD and δ13C) distribution in natural waters of the Baydar valley (southwestern part of the Crimean Peninsula) are presented. The study region holds fresh and ultra-fresh waters of predominantly bicarbonate calcium composition with TDS varying from 194 to 1137 mg/dm3. The research results revealed that all of the studied waters are of atmospheric origin that lie either along the global (GMWL) or local (LMWL) meteoric water lines. The established variations are: from -9.5 to -5.6‰ for δ18O values in waters with δD values varying from -64.0 to -40.0‰. The source for bicarbonate ion enriched in δ13C in natural waters of the Bauydar valley are carbonate sedimentary rocks, atmospheric carbon dioxide and organic compounds. Surface waters have heavier isotopic composition δ13C (-9.2 – -7.0‰) because of the atmospheric CO2. Artesian waters are differentiated by lighter δ13C (-12.8 – -10.7‰) due to the interactions between carbonate rocks and the dispersed organic matter. Water sources (springs, wells) are characterized by the widest variations of δ13C (-6.9 – -15.5‰) due to the presence of the atmospheric CO2 and intense processes of biochemical decomposition of organic compounds in the soil layer.

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Supraglacial Streams and Rivers

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences ◽

10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060212 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 421-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lincoln H Pitcher ◽

Laurence C. Smith

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Transport Processes ◽

Future Research ◽

Sea Level Changes ◽

Ice Dynamics ◽

Surface Mass ◽

Ice Shelves ◽

Streams And Rivers ◽

Ice Surface ◽

Global Sea Level

Supraglacial meltwater channels that flow on the surfaces of glaciers, ice sheets, and ice shelves connect ice surface climatology with subglacial processes, ice dynamics, and eustatic sea level changes. Their important role in transferring water and heat across and into ice is currently absent from models of surface mass balance and runoff contributions to global sea level rise. Furthermore, relatively little is known about the genesis, evolution, hydrology, hydraulics, and morphology of supraglacial rivers, and a first synthesis and review of published research on these unusual features is lacking. To that end, we review their ( a) known geographical distribution; ( b) formation, morphology, and sediment transport processes; ( c) hydrology and hydraulics; and ( d) impact on ice sheet surface energy balance, heat exchange, basal conditions, and ice shelf stability. We conclude with a synthesis of key knowledge gaps and provide recommendations for future research. ▪ Supraglacial streams and rivers transfer water and heat on glaciers, connecting climate with subglacial hydrology, ice sliding, and global sea level. ▪ Ice surface melting may expand under a warming climate, darkening the ice surface and further increasing melt.

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