Decoding the nonstationary neural activity in motor cortex for brain machine interfaces

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaomin Zhang ◽  
Yuxi Liao ◽  
Xiaoxiang Zheng ◽  
Weidong Chen ◽  
Yiwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Machine Interfaces

scholarly journals Latent factors and dynamics in motor cortex and their application to brain-machine interfaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chethan Pandarinath ◽  
K. Cora Ames ◽  
Abigail A Russo ◽  
Ali Farshchian ◽  
Lee E Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Brain Machine Interfaces ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Behaving Monkeys

In the fifty years since Evarts first recorded single neurons in motor cortex of behaving monkeys, great effort has been devoted to understanding their relation to movement. Yet these single neurons exist within a vast network, the nature of which has been largely inaccessible. With advances in recording technologies, algorithms, and computational power, the ability to study network-level phenomena is increasing exponentially. Recent experimental results suggest that the dynamical properties of these networks are critical to movement planning and execution. Here we discuss this dynamical systems perspective, and how it is reshaping our understanding of the motor cortices. Following an overview of key studies in motor cortex, we discuss techniques to uncover the “latent factors” underlying observed neural population activity. Finally, we discuss efforts to leverage these factors to improve the performance of brain-machine interfaces, promising to make these findings broadly relevant to neuroengineering as well as systems neuroscience.

Comparison of Neural Activity in the Supplementary Motor Area and in the Primary Motor Cortex in Monkeys

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Dao-fen ◽  
B. Hyland ◽  
V. Maier ◽  
A. Palmeri ◽  
M. Wiesendanger
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area

scholarly journals Disruption of cortical dopaminergic modulation impairs preparatory activity and delays licking initiation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Chen ◽  
Roberto Vincis ◽  
Alfredo Fontanini
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Receptor Modulation ◽  
Dopaminergic Modulation ◽  
Preparatory Activity ◽  
Motor Cortical

ABSTRACTDysfunction of motor cortices is thought to contribute to motor disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, little is known on the link between cortical dopaminergic loss, abnormalities in motor cortex neural activity and motor deficits. We address the role of dopamine in modulating motor cortical activity by focusing on the anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) of mice performing a cued-licking task. We first demonstrate licking deficits and concurrent alterations of spiking activity in ALM of mice with unilateral depletion of dopaminergic neurons (i.e., mice injected with 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle). Hemi-lesioned mice displayed delayed licking initiation, shorter duration of licking bouts, and lateral deviation of tongue protrusions. In parallel with these motor deficits, we observed a reduction in the prevalence of cue responsive neurons and altered preparatory activity. Acute and local blockade of D1 receptors in ALM recapitulated some of the key behavioral and neural deficits observed in hemi-lesioned mice. Altogether, our data show a direct relationship between cortical D1 receptor modulation, cue-evoked and preparatory activity in ALM, and licking initiation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe link between dopaminergic signaling, motor cortical activity and motor deficits is not fully understood. This manuscript describes alterations in neural activity of the anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) that correlate with licking deficits in mice with unilateral dopamine depletion or with intra-ALM infusion of dopamine antagonist. The findings emphasize the importance of cortical dopaminergic modulation in motor initiation. These results will appeal not only to researchers interested in cortical control of licking, but also to a broader audience interested in motor control and dopaminergic modulation in physiological and pathological conditions. Specifically, our data suggest that dopamine deficiency in motor cortex could play a role in the pathogenesis of the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals How a mouse licks a spout: Cortex-dependent corrections as the tongue reaches for, and misses, targets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejapratap Bollu ◽  
Brendan Ito ◽  
Sam C. Whitehead ◽  
Brian Kardon ◽  
James Redd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Online Corrections ◽  
Tongue Movements ◽  
Tongue Control

Abstract:Precise tongue control is necessary for drinking, eating, and vocalizing1, 2. Yet because tongue movements are fast and difficult to resolve, neural control of lingual kinematics remains poorly understood. Here we combine kilohertz frame-rate imaging and a deep learning based neural network to resolve 3D tongue kinematics in mice drinking from a water spout. Successful licks required previously unobserved corrective submovements (CSMs) which, like online corrections during primate reaches3–10, occurred after the tongue missed unseen, distant, or displaced targets. Photoinhibition of anterolateral motor cortex (ALM) impaired online corrections, resulting in hypometric licks that missed the spout. ALM neural activity reflected upcoming, ongoing, and past CSMs, as well as errors in predicted spout contact. Though less than a tenth of a second in duration, a single mouse lick exhibits hallmarks of online motor control associated with a primate reach, including cortex-dependent corrections after misses.

scholarly journals Chronic Stability of Single-Channel Neurophysiological Correlates of Gross and Fine Reaching Movements in the Rat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Bundy ◽  
David J Guggenmos ◽  
Maxwell D Murphy ◽  
Randolph J. Nudo
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Reaching Movements

AbstractFollowing injury to motor cortex, reorganization occurs throughout spared brain regions and is thought to underlie motor recovery. Unfortunately, the standard neurophysiological and neuroanatomical measures of post-lesion plasticity are only indirectly related to observed changes in motor execution. While substantial task-related neural activity has been observed during motor tasks in rodent primary motor cortex and premotor cortex, the long-term stability of these responses in healthy rats is uncertain, limiting the interpretability of longitudinal changes in the specific patterns of neural activity during motor recovery following injury. This study examined the stability of task-related neural activity associated with execution of reaching movements in healthy rodents. Rats were trained to perform a novel reaching task combining a ‘gross’ lever press and a ‘fine’ pellet retrieval. In each animal, two chronic microelectrode arrays were implanted in motor cortex spanning the caudal forelimb area (rodent primary motor cortex) and the rostral forelimb area (rodent premotor cortex). We recorded multiunit spiking and local field potential activity from 10 days to 7-10 weeks post-implantation to characterize the patterns of neural activity observed during each task component and analyzed the consistency of channel-specific task-related neural activity. Task-related changes in neural activity were observed on the majority of channels. While the task-related changes in multi-unit spiking and local field potential spectral power were consistent over several weeks, spectral power changes were more stable, despite the trade-off of decreased spatial and temporal resolution. These results show that rodent primary and premotor cortex are both involved in reaching movements with stable patterns of task-related activity across time, establishing the relevance of the rodent for future studies designed to examine changes in task-related neural activity during recovery from focal cortical lesions.

scholarly journals Neural population dynamics in human motor cortex during movements in people with ALS

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chethan Pandarinath ◽  
Vikash Gilja ◽  
Christine H Blabe ◽  
Paul Nuyujukian ◽  
Anish A Sarma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Dynamical Structure ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Movement Parameters

The prevailing view of motor cortex holds that motor cortical neural activity represents muscle or movement parameters. However, recent studies in non-human primates have shown that neural activity does not simply represent muscle or movement parameters; instead, its temporal structure is well-described by a dynamical system where activity during movement evolves lawfully from an initial pre-movement state. In this study, we analyze neuronal ensemble activity in motor cortex in two clinical trial participants diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). We find that activity in human motor cortex has similar dynamical structure to that of non-human primates, indicating that human motor cortex contains a similar underlying dynamical system for movement generation.Clinical trial registration: NCT00912041.

scholarly journals Vacillation, indecision and hesitation in moment-by-moment decoding of monkey motor cortex

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T Kaufman ◽  
Mark M Churchland ◽  
Stephen I Ryu ◽  
Krishna V Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Final Choice ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
Monkey Motor Cortex

When choosing actions, we can act decisively, vacillate, or suffer momentary indecision. Studying how individual decisions unfold requires moment-by-moment readouts of brain state. Here we provide such a view from dorsal premotor and primary motor cortex. Two monkeys performed a novel decision task while we recorded from many neurons simultaneously. We found that a decoder trained using ‘forced choices’ (one target viable) was highly reliable when applied to ‘free choices’. However, during free choices internal events formed three categories. Typically, neural activity was consistent with rapid, unwavering choices. Sometimes, though, we observed presumed ‘changes of mind’: the neural state initially reflected one choice before changing to reflect the final choice. Finally, we observed momentary ‘indecision’: delay forming any clear motor plan. Further, moments of neural indecision accompanied moments of behavioral indecision. Together, these results reveal the rich and diverse set of internal events long suspected to occur during free choice.

Neural Activity in Primary Motor Cortex Related to Mechanical Loads Applied to the Shoulder and Elbow During a Postural Task

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 2102-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. William Cabel ◽  
Paul Cisek ◽  
Stephen H. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Central Target ◽  
Extensor Torque ◽  
Vector Sum ◽  
Joint Loads

Whole-arm motor tasks performed by nonhuman primates have become a popular paradigm to examine neural activity during motor action, but such studies have traditionally related cell discharge to hand-based variables. We have developed a new robotic device that allows the mechanics of the shoulder and elbow joints to be manipulated independently. This device was used in the present study to examine neural activity in primary motor cortex (MI) in monkeys ( macaca mulatta) actively maintaining their hand at a central target as they compensated for loads applied to the shoulder and/or elbow. Roughly equal numbers of neurons were sensitive to mechanical loads only at the shoulder, only at the elbow, or loads at both joints. Neurons possessed two important properties. First, cell activity during multi-joint loads could be predicted from its activity during single-joint loads as a vector sum in a space defined by orthogonal axes for the shoulder and elbow. Second, most neurons were related to flexor torque at one joint coupled with extensor torque at the other, a distribution that paralleled the observed activity of forelimb muscles. These results illustrate that while MI activity may be described by independent axes representing each mechanical degree-of-freedom, neural activity is also strongly influenced by the specific motor patterns used to perform a given task.

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