MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DECISION SUPPORT IN THE PROBLEMS OF LOGISTICS NETWORKS OPTIMIZATION

The subject of research in the article is the process of decision support in the problems of logistics networks optimization. The goal of the work is to develop a set of mathematical models of logistics network optimization problems to increase the efficiency of decision support systems by coordinating the interaction between automatic and interactive procedures of computer-aided design systems. The following tasks are solved in the article: review and analysis of the current state of the problem of decision support in the problems of logistics networks optimization; decomposition of the problem of decision support for the optimization of logistics networks; development of a mathematical model of the general problem of network optimization in terms of economy, efficiency, reliability and survivability; development of a set of technological mathematical models for the correct reduction of many effective options for building logistics networks for the final choice, taking into account difficult to formalize factors, knowledge and experience of the decision maker (DM). The following methods are used: systems theory, utility theory, optimization and operations research. Results. Analysis of the current state of the problem of logistics networks optimization has established the existence of the problem of correct reduction of a subset of effective options for their construction for ranking, taking into account difficult to formalize factors, as well as knowledge and experience of DM. The decomposition of the problem into tasks is performed: definition of the principles of network construction; network structure selection; determination of the topology of network elements; choice of network operation technology; determination of parameters of elements and communications (means of cargo delivery); multi criteria evaluation and selection of the best option for building a network. A mathematical model of the general problem of network optimization in terms of economy, efficiency, reliability and survivability is proposed. To coordinate the interaction between automatic and interactive network optimization procedures, it is proposed to use a combined method of ranking options, which allows you to identify and correctly reduce the subset of effective options for ranking DM. To implement the method, mathematical models of problems of the procedure of ranking options in the technologies of project decision support have been developed, which allow to combine the advantages of the technologies of the ordinalistic and cardinalistic approaches. Conclusions. The developed set of mathematical models expands the methodological bases of automation of processes of support of multi criteria decisions on optimization of logistic networks, allows to carry out correct reduction of set of effective options of their construction for the final choice taking into account factors, knowledge and experience of DM. The practical use of the proposed models and procedures will reduce the time and capacity complexity of decision support technologies, and through the use of the proposed selection procedures - to improve their quality across a variety of functional and cost indicators.

Comitology and Delegation System in the European Union

The article addresses the system of comitology and delegation in the European Union. It explores such issues like evolution of comitology, contemporary procedures of the control over the European Commission in the process of elaboration of implementing and delegated acts, preferences of legislators regarding control procedures, factors determining the final choice among these procedures. The article shows that the system is based on the “police patrol” model.Should we consider the comitology / delegation procedures as a mechanism of control or discussion (deliberation)? This question is of the greatest theoretical interest. The purpose of this article is to show based on the existing empirical studies, the actual preferences of EU institutions when choosing the procedures of comitology/delegation and the factors influencing the final decision. The article demonstrates that both prior to and after the Lisbon Treaty, the preferences of institutions in choosing procedures differ significantly and can be largely explained by the goal of maximizing their own influence. An empirical analysis of the results of the final choice of procedures demonstrates that the main factors that push toward stricter control procedures are institutional conflict and the complexity of the issue under discussion. These preferences and factors of the choice of procedures allow to conclude that the EU institutions consider the system of comitology and delegation primarily as a mechanism of control over the Commission in the logic of the principal-agent theory.

MYO5B Novel Homozygous Variant c.2090+3A>T Causes Intron Retention and is Related To Severe Cholestasis and Intractable Diarrhea

Background Myosin Vb (MYO5B) plays an important role in protein trafficking and recycling. Biallelic mutated MYO5B has been found related to microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) or predominant cholestatic liver disease or mixed the two diseases. This study aims to clarify the splicing alteration and associated clinical or pathological features of a newly identified homozygous variant, and thus to provide supporting information for disease mechanism and clinical treatment. Results Here we identified a novel homozygous variant c.2090 + 3A > T by exome sequencing in a female patient. Minigene assay using recombined vectors and cell transfection found 185bp intention of intron 17 in the mRNA, which was predicted a pre-termination of myoVb (p.Arg697fs*47) at the end of the head motor domain. Further bowel biopsies via immunohistochemistry and the electron microscope detected decreased microvillus and local lesion of microvillus inclusion in the mucosa of duodena. The patient presented intractable diarrhea alleviated from severe in early life to mild later. She also had congenital cholestasis, liver cirrhosis, cholelithiasis, hepatic cyst, corneal opacity, and failure to thrive. Medicines were supplied to alleviate symptoms, maintain her intestines and nutrition. Liver transplantation would be the final choice. Conclusions Our study reported a novel homozygous variant that altered splicing and further supported the underlying mechanism that led to complicated enterohepatic phenotypes. The results expanded clinical practice in understanding the genotype-phenotype correlation of MYO5B and associated disease management.

High BMI Predicts Attention to Less Healthy Product Sets: Can a Prompt Lead to Consideration of Healthier Sets of Products?

While the food environment has been implicated in diet-related health disparities, individuals’ ability to shape the food environment by limiting attention to a subset of products has not been studied. We examine the relationship between BMI category and consideration set—the products the individual considers before making a final choice—in an online hypothetical shopping experiment. Specifically, we focus on the healthiness of the consideration set the individual selected. Secondly, we examined the interaction of a health prompt (versus a no-prompt control) with BMI category on the healthiness of the consideration set. We used linear probability models to document the relationship between weight status and consideration set, between prompt and consideration set, and the effect of the interaction between prompt and weight status on consideration set. We found that (1) obese individuals are 10% less likely to shop from a consideration set that includes the healthy options, (2) viewing the prompt increased the probability of choosing a healthy consideration set by 9%, and (3) exposure to the prompt affected individuals in different BMI categories equally. While obese individuals are more likely to ignore healthier product options, a health-focused prompt increases consideration of healthy options across all BMI categories.

Kajian Landing Station Alat Deteksi Dini Tsunami Berbasis Kabel Serat Optik Bawah Laut di Kabupaten Pasangkayu, Sulawesi Barat

The construction of an underwater fiber-optic cable-based tsunami early detection system is planned to be installed in the Makassar Strait with a landing point in West Sulawesi. Land infrastructure such as a Power House (PH), a communication tower, and a Beach Manhole (BMH) is needed to sustain the system's power in order to survive. Therefore, the aim of this scientific paper is to study several alternative landing station locations in Pasangkayu, West Sulawesi and then determine the priority locations. The methods used to achieve these objectives are field observation methods and secondary data analysis based on parameters of land area conditions, environmental conditions, supporting infrastructure, social conditions and licensing systems, and marine activities. These aspects are then assessed to determine the priority of the selected location. The location selected based on the assessment carried out is ALT-02B. In succession, the three priority locations selected from the order of most priority to least priority are ALT-02B, ALT-02A, and ALT-06. This selected priority location is not necessarily the final choice location to be used in the construction of a tsunami early detection system land infrastructure because in the process there are still things to be considered and aspects that are made the main priority for consideration in making decisions.

A comparison of zero-inflated and hurdle models for modeling zero-inflated count data

Counts data with excessive zeros are frequently encountered in practice. For example, the number of health services visits often includes many zeros representing the patients with no utilization during a follow-up time. A common feature of this type of data is that the count measure tends to have excessive zero beyond a common count distribution can accommodate, such as Poisson or negative binomial. Zero-inflated or hurdle models are often used to fit such data. Despite the increasing popularity of ZI and hurdle models, there is still a lack of investigation of the fundamental differences between these two types of models. In this article, we reviewed the zero-inflated and hurdle models and highlighted their differences in terms of their data generating processes. We also conducted simulation studies to evaluate the performances of both types of models. The final choice of regression model should be made after a careful assessment of goodness of fit and should be tailored to a particular data in question.

Congenital Scoliosis: A Current Concepts Review

Context: Congenital scoliosis is a difficult condition for orthopedic surgeons. There are some influencing factors to choose the best treatment option for scoliosis. Objectives: Patients with congenital scoliosis may encounter different anomalies. There exist various surgical techniques with different indications. Methods: Electronic databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for congenital scoliosis. Articles published from 1928 to 2020 were searched. A narrative review was conducted by focusing on treatment options. Results: Different methods are presented in the literature that consists of operative and nonoperative approaches. Nonoperative treatment methods are seldom a final choice. They are used to postpone the final surgery. There are different methods of surgeries in the literature; the best treatment strategy concerns the patients’ condition and the surgeon’s preference. Conclusions: The critical issue in the management of congenital scoliosis is to diagnose these patients’ curves before severe progression, i.e. mandatory to achieve desirable results. Usually, a course of nonoperative treatment can be started, but only to postpone the final surgery. The preferred surgical treatment depends on the type of congenital scoliosis and the age of the patient. The treatment of congenital scoliosis should be a multidisciplinary approach due to concomitant morbidity in these patients.

Conscious and unconscious in the problem space attitude of students to physical education

The challenges and risks to the human biological basis are related to the minimization of motor activity of the individual and the subsequent consequences of permanent hypodynamic. Regular use of physical exercises and loads in the modern information society is gaining new importance. Students, in theory, are aware of these risks and the positive impact of regular exercise on their body and life aspects in general. But this knowledge not always encourages a person to systemic efforts in the context of physical self-training. According to the authors, theoretical knowledge about physical development and improvement of the person’s motor function who has limited motor experience, enter into the cognitive dissonance with the whole list of contingent factors, such as laziness, phobias, negative emotions, etc. There is an assumption that in the area of physical activity, not only conscious cognitions occur, but also unconscious or partly-conscious, in mentioned above cognitive dissonance. The final choice is made by finding out the attitude to the perspectives of the state of one’s physical body and means of correcting unacceptable deviations of the personality in such a dissonance. Goal if our research is to reveal existence and correlation of conscious and unconscious in problematic area of shaping of the attitude to the exercising. Proposed goal of the research determines usage of interdisciplinary approach. During the research we used complex of methods, among which are: evaluation of the literature and practical experience, questionnaires, methods of mathematical statistics, explication of personal logical systems. During the research theoretical diagrams and developments were checked in accordance with the results of the questionnaire. 272 freshmen of the National Aviation University took part in this questionnaire. Results determined that 28,6% of students would use conscious cognitions relatively to physical training, and 71,4% would use unconscious. Students in the process of final selecting of attitude to personal physical state, unconscious (not controlled), is one of the main influential factors.

Correction of the name Hymenaea osanigraseminae (Detarioideae, Leguminosae)

A new tree species of Hymenaea L. (Detarioideae, Leguminosae) from Costa Rica, named H. osanigraseminae, was validly published by Aguilar Fernández, Poveda Álvarez & Santamaría-Aguilar (2018) on March 28, 2018. The intention of the authors was to include in the specific epithet a mention of the type locality as well as the color of the seeds. Nevertheless, their final choice (“osanigraseminae”) was wrong, since this epithet does not follow the grammatical Latin rules. Consequently, an orthographical correction is required in accordance with the articles 23.5, 32.2, and 60.1 of the International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Turland et al. 2018).