THE EFFECT OF WIND UPON THE SURFACE DRIFT IN THE NORTH-EASTERN ATLANTIC AND THE NORTH SEA

Weather ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Lawford
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Surface Drift

scholarly journals Extreme westward surface drift in the North Sea: Public reports of stranded drifters and Lagrangian tracking

2019 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Stanev ◽  
T.H. Badewien ◽  
H. Freund ◽  
S. Grayek ◽  
F. Hahner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Lagrangian Tracking ◽  
Surface Drift

Age and Growth of North Sea Echinoids

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. T. Sime ◽  
G. J. Cranmer
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Small Variety ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Northern North Sea

The genus Echinus is common throughout the entire northern North Sea. Echinus esculentus L. predominates in the shallow water off the eastern Scottish coast down to 100 m, while the small variety of Echinus acutus var. norvegicus (Düben and Koren) is rarely found in depths of less than 100 m and is most commonly located in the north-eastern area of the North Sea (Cranmer, 1985).

scholarly journals Evidence of a relationship between weight and total length of marine fish in the North-eastern Atlantic Ocean: physiological, spatial and temporal variations

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kélig Mahé ◽  
Elise Bellamy ◽  
Jean Paul Delpech ◽  
Coline Lazard ◽  
Michèle Salaun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Bay Of Biscay ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The North Sea

Weight–Body Length relationships (WLR) of 45 fish species (37 Actinopterygii and eight Elasmobranchii) were investigated. A total of 31,167 individuals were caught and their biological parameters measured during the four quarters from 2013 to 2015, on five scientific surveys sampling the North-eastern Atlantic Ocean from the North Sea to the Bay of Biscay (ICES Divisions IVb, IVc, VIId, VIIe, VIIg, VIIh, VIIj, VIIIa and VIIIb). Among 45 tested species, all showed a significant correlation between total length (L) and total weight (W). The influence of sex on WLR was estimated for 39 species and presented a significant sexual dimorphism for 18 species. Condition factor (K) of females was always higher than for males. Moreover, a spatial effect on the WLR according to five ecoregions (the Bay of Biscay, the Celtic Sea, the Western English Channel, the Eastern English Channel and the North Sea), was significant for 18 species among 38 tested species. The temporal effect was tested according to components (year and quarter/season). The seasonality effect on WLR is more frequently significant than the year especially for the Elasmobranchii species, and can be related to the spawning season. Finally, depressiform species (skates, sharks and flatfish) are characterized by positive allometric growth, whereas there is no such clear pattern regarding roundfishes growth, whatever their body shape is.

scholarly journals Multiple New Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Vectors in Offshore North Sea Benthos, a Deep Secret Exposed

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl J. Dean ◽  
Robert G. Hatfield ◽  
Vanessa Lee ◽  
Ryan P. Alexander ◽  
Adam M. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Southern Bight ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
The North ◽  
Psammechinus Miliaris ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Uk

In early 2018, a large easterly storm hit the East Anglian coast of the UK, colloquially known as the ‘Beast from the East’, which also resulted in mass strandings of benthic organisms. There were subsequent instances of dogs consuming such organisms, leading to illness and, in some cases, fatalities. Epidemiological investigations identified paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) as the cause, with toxins present in a range of species and concentrations exceeding 14,000 µg STX eq./kg in the sunstar Crossaster papposus. This study sought to better elucidate the geographic spread of any toxicity and identify any key organisms of concern. During the summers of 2018 and 2019, various species of benthic invertebrates were collected from demersal trawl surveys conducted across a variety of locations in the North Sea. An analysis of the benthic epifauna using two independent PST testing methods identified a ‘hot spot’ of toxic organisms in the Southern Bight, with a mean toxicity of 449 µg STX eq./kg. PSTs were quantified in sea chervil (Alcyonidium diaphanum), the first known detection in the phylum bryozoan, as well as eleven other new vectors (>50 µg STX eq./kg), namely the opisthobranch Scaphander lignarius, the starfish Anseropoda placenta, Asterias rubens, Luidia ciliaris, Astropecten irregularis and Stichastrella rosea, the brittlestar Ophiura ophiura, the crustaceans Atelecyclus rotundatus and Munida rugosa, the sea mouse Aphrodita aculeata, and the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris. The two species that showed consistently high PST concentrations were C. papposus and A. diaphanum. Two toxic profiles were identified, with one dominated by dcSTX (decarbamoylsaxitoxin) associated with the majority of samples across the whole sampling region. The second profile occurred only in North-Eastern England and consisted of mostly STX (Saxitoxin) and GTX2 (gonyautoxin 2). Consequently, this study highlights widespread and variable levels of PSTs in the marine benthos, together with the first evidence for toxicity in a large number of new species. These findings highlight impacts to ‘One Health’, with the unexpected sources of toxins potentially creating risks to animal, human and environmental health, with further work required to assess the severity and geographical/temporal extent of these impacts.

scholarly journals Turbulence measurements suggest high rates of new production over the shelf edge in the north-eastern North Sea during summer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Bendtsen ◽  
Katherine Richardson
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Shelf Edge ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
New Production ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. New production, i.e., that driven by allochthonous nutrient inputs, is the only form of primary production that can lead to net increases in organic material and is, therefore, important for understanding energy flow in marine ecosystems. The spatial distribution of new production is generally, however, not well known. Here, using data collected in July 2016, we analyse the potential for vertical mixing to support new production in the upper layers of the north eastern portion of the North Sea. Estimated nitrate fluxes due to turbulent vertical mixing into the euphotic zone were up to 0.5–1 mmol N m−2 d−1 over the shelf-edge (f-ratios > 0.1) while values of

The Early Settlement of Scotland: Excavations at Morton, Fife

1971 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Coles ◽  
J. Allo ◽  
R. D. M. Candow ◽  
T. M. Clegg ◽  
G. S. Cowles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Early Historic

The Mesolithic settlement at Morton lies some six miles north-north-west of St. Andrews in Fife, Scotland (fig. 1). The area around the site, north-eastern Fife, is surrounded on three sides by water, and projects as a blunt peninsula into the North Sea. The river Eden and the Firth of Tay serve as southern and northern boundaries of this peninsula, which consists today principally of the wind-deposited sands of Tentsmuir. The area of Tentsmuir, now afforested, is one of the relatively few regions in Britain where land is building up into the North Sea, and this process has been in action for many centuries (Sissons, 1967).The Tentsmuir Sands are a prolific source of later prehistoric and early historic finds, the earliest yet known being of the late third millennium B.C. In February 1957, while searching for such material on Tentsmuir, Mr R. Candow of Tayport collected some flints from molehills and other exposures on the high ground of the ‘Old Quarry’ field at Morton Farm (National Grid Reference NO 467257). Surface collections continued to be made until 1963 when excavations of the site were undertaken by Mr Candow in collaboration with Dundee Museum and Art Gallery (Candow, 1966). A total of 41 trenches were excavated between May 1963 and April 1967, and these are shown on the plan of site A (fig. 4, no. 1–41). In November 1967, site B in the same field was discovered and partially excavated (fig. 29, no. 51), before work was suspended and the writer was invited to continue the investigations.

scholarly journals XXIV. On the effect of westerly winds in raising the level of the British Channel

1809 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 400-403
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The West ◽  
Actual Position ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
A Current

Dear Sir, In the “ Observations on a Current that often prevails to the “Westward of Scilly ,” which I had the honour to lay before the Royal Society many years ago, I slightly mentioned, as connected with the same subject, the effect of strong westerly winds, in raising the level of the British Channel; and the escape of the super-incumbent waters, through the Strait of Dover, into the then lower level of the North Sea. The recent loss of the Britannia East India ship, Captain Birch, on the Goodwin Sands, has impressed this fact more strongly on my mind; as I have no doubt that her loss was occasioned by a current, produced by the running off of the accumulated waters; a violent gale from the westward then prevailing. The circumstances under which she was lost, were generally these: In January last she sailed from her anchorage between Dover and the South Foreland (on her way to Portsmouth), and was soon after assailed by a violent gale between the west and south-west. The thick weather preventing a view of the lights , the pilot was left entirely to the reckoning and the lead; and when it was concluded that the ship was quite clear of the Goodwin, she struck on the north-eastern extremity of the southernmost of those sands. And this difference between the reckoning (after due allowance being made for the tides) and the actual position, I conclude was owing to the northerly stream of current, which caught the ship when she drifted to the back , or eastern side of the Goodwin.

Continuous plankton records: the geographical distribution and seasonal cycles of decapod crustacean larvae and pelagic post-larvae in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, 1981–3

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lindley
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The North ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Pelagic Larvae ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The North Sea

The geographical distributions and seasonal cycles of pelagic larvae and post-larval stages of decapod Crustacea in the north-eastern Atlantic and the North Sea during 1981–3 are described from samples taken with the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR). Analyses of the distributions of 36 common taxa identified groupings which could be related to depth and temperature. The seasonal occurrences of planktonic larvae of benthic taxa were found to be correlated with sea-bottom temperature in the winter as well as parameters of the sea-surface temperature. Possible interpretations of these data are discussed.

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