scholarly journals XXIV. On the effect of westerly winds in raising the level of the British Channel

1809 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 400-403
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The West ◽  
Actual Position ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
A Current

Dear Sir, In the “ Observations on a Current that often prevails to the “Westward of Scilly ,” which I had the honour to lay before the Royal Society many years ago, I slightly mentioned, as connected with the same subject, the effect of strong westerly winds, in raising the level of the British Channel; and the escape of the super-incumbent waters, through the Strait of Dover, into the then lower level of the North Sea. The recent loss of the Britannia East India ship, Captain Birch, on the Goodwin Sands, has impressed this fact more strongly on my mind; as I have no doubt that her loss was occasioned by a current, produced by the running off of the accumulated waters; a violent gale from the westward then prevailing. The circumstances under which she was lost, were generally these: In January last she sailed from her anchorage between Dover and the South Foreland (on her way to Portsmouth), and was soon after assailed by a violent gale between the west and south-west. The thick weather preventing a view of the lights , the pilot was left entirely to the reckoning and the lead; and when it was concluded that the ship was quite clear of the Goodwin, she struck on the north-eastern extremity of the southernmost of those sands. And this difference between the reckoning (after due allowance being made for the tides) and the actual position, I conclude was owing to the northerly stream of current, which caught the ship when she drifted to the back , or eastern side of the Goodwin.

scholarly journals Clione limacina in Plymouth Waters

1931 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie V. Lebour
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Bay Of Biscay ◽  
The West ◽  
Boreal Species ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Clione Limacina ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

The pteropod Clione limacina (Phipps), now regarded as one of the tectibranchs, occurs at times in the neighbourhood of Plymouth. In 1930, however, it was extraordinarily abundant, especially in the summer, and was breeding freely. Although not specially recorded it has been seen singly or in small numbers in almost any month of the year, and for some years the eggs and larvæ (not recognised at the time as belonging to Clione) have been seen in summer. So far it is known from the British coasts in the North Sea and the west and extreme south-west of England. Its distribution, as known up to 1908, is given fully for the area of International Fisheries Investigations by Paulsen (1910). There it is shown that it is an Arctic-boreal species, spreading southwards nearly to the Bay of Biscay, which is about its southerly limit. It is known to occur in the northern and mid North Sea, but not in the southern North Sea, and at that time was only recorded from the Channel in the extreme west. It is also common in the Atlantic. Paulsen was led to infer that Clione limacina did not enter the North Sea from the Channel, but its prevalence sometimes at Plymouth shows that it can come a long way up the Channel and, as few samples are taken to the east and in the southern North Sea, this view should be carefully reconsidered.

scholarly journals Investigations Upon the Water Movements in the English Channel. Summer, 1924

1927 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
The North Sea

In July, 1924, 250 floating, and an equal number of bottom-trailing, bottles were put out at selected places in the western English Channel. Fifty of each type were put out at each of the two routine Stations E2 and E3, and the same number was “liberated” at each of three selected stretches along the steamship route from Southampton to St. Malo. Those surface bottles, which did not strand locally, travelled rapidly up Channel towards the North Sea and across it. Many bottles arrived in the Skager-Rack after performing their journey of some 700 miles at the rate of 6 miles a day and more. An adequate study of wind conditions, as recorded at several stations along the length of the Channel and at one station in the southern North Sea, revealed the fact that there was, for some 5½ months (counting from the time of liberation of the bottles), an almost uninterrupted predominance of south-westerly winds—as recorded at all stations considered. The whole area of the Channel was swept by south-westerly winds of average speed of some 9 miles a day for at least 5½ months subsequent to the time of putting out of the bottles. July, 1924, had (according to the Falmouth Observatory records) the largest proportion of westerly winds experienced for 54 years; 20 days of this month had winds with westerly components. The association of the unusually persistent westerly winds with the rapid travel of surface bottles towards and across the North Sea is interesting.

scholarly journals XV. Some observations on the peculiarity of the tides between Fairleigh and the North Foreland; with an explanation of the supposed meeting of the tides near Dungeness

1819 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Subject

Having observed that several Charts and Books of Navi­gation assert, that the tides from the North Sea and the Channel, or the Eastern and Western tides, meet in the vicinity of Dungeness and Rye harbour ; and that, on such authority, this opinion has been too generally adopted by those, who have not had the opportunity or the inclination of making personal observations ; as well as by the pilots on this part of the coast, who from being incapable, for the most part, of making observations or deducing inferences from facts before them, readily embrace the first theory they meet with in print , however erroneous or inconsistent ; I have been induced to bestow all the attention in my power to the phænomena of the tides between Fairleigh and the North Foreland, and now venture to submit the result of my observations to the notice of the Royal Society. From having cruised constantly within these limits for nearly two years and a half, I have had many opportunities of making observations ; but I must, nevertheless, profess my readi­ness to admit any alteration or improvement which may be pointed out by those more conversant with the subject; truth alone being the object of my enquiries.

Age and Growth of North Sea Echinoids

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. T. Sime ◽  
G. J. Cranmer
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Small Variety ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Northern North Sea

The genus Echinus is common throughout the entire northern North Sea. Echinus esculentus L. predominates in the shallow water off the eastern Scottish coast down to 100 m, while the small variety of Echinus acutus var. norvegicus (Düben and Koren) is rarely found in depths of less than 100 m and is most commonly located in the north-eastern area of the North Sea (Cranmer, 1985).

scholarly journals First record of the rare crab Asthenognathus atlanticus Monod, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Varunidae) in the North Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Marco Faasse ◽  
Hendrik Gheerardyn ◽  
Rob Witbaard ◽  
Joël Cuperus
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
First Record ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Northward Expansion ◽  
First Time

Abstract Several species new to the area were collected while monitoring Dutch marine waters using a dredge. The varunid crab Asthenognathus atlanticus Monod, 1933 was recorded for the first time in the North Sea. Until 2008, this relatively rare crab was known from the west coast of Africa and the western Mediterranean to northern Brittany in the north. In recent years, its distribution range has expanded, as indicated by records from the Bay of the Seine and the area around Dieppe-Le Tréport. Our finding from Brown Bank (southern North Sea) indicates a further, northward expansion of its distribution range. We list the hosts with which the crab is associated. Earlier arguments for climate change as an explanation for the northward range expansion are supported.

scholarly journals Chalk depth structure maps, Central to Eastern North Sea, Denmark

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole V. Vejbæk ◽  
Torben Bidstrup ◽  
Peter Britze ◽  
Mikael Erlström ◽  
Erik S. Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Rock Type ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Stratigraphic Interval

The Upper Cretaceous – Danian chalk may be considered to be the economically most important rock type in Denmark. Onshore it constitutes an important groundwater aquifer and it is also quarried for e.g. building materials and paper production. Offshore the chalk reservoirs contain more than 80% of the oil and gas produced in Denmark (Fig. 1). During the last few years efforts have therefore been made to map this important succession in the Danish and adjoining areas (Vejbæk et al. 2003). The stratigraphic interval mapped comprises the Chalk Group of Cenomanian to Danian ages and its stratigraphically equivalent units (Fig. 2). The north-eastern limit of the Chalk Group is determined by Neogene erosion. The limits of the map to the west and south were mainly determined by the amount of available data.

scholarly journals Why do jellyfish bloom in Norwegian waters and what can be done to recover the ecosystems in the North Sea and on the Norwegian coast?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Hamre
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
The West ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Norwegian Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The North Sea

The ecosystems with their relationships between fish species and stocks, have been established by evolution for millions of years, but during the last 50 years, the ecosystems in the North Sea and along the Norwegian coast have been changed fundamentally by fisheries. The North Sea mackerel stock has been depleted and its feeding grounds have been invaded by the Western mackerel which spawns west of Ireland. This stock is now very rich in numbers and occupies the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the western Barents Sea. If the trend continues, mackerel may outcompete many of the other fish stocks in the area. Traditionally and until the beginning of the 1970s, there was a large stock of sandeel spawning in the North Sea and on the Norwegian coast. Sandeel juveniles was an important food source for a wide range of species, including sea mammals and birds. The fact that this stock has also been overfished, may explain many changes observed in the ecosystem on the west coast of Norway, for example a large reduction in the populations of sea birds. There are several instances where ecosystems shift to sustain jellyfish blooms in response to depletion of forage fish stocks. This was registered in Namibia in the 1990’s, where the pilchard stock was decimated and the biomass of jellyfish soon became overwhelming. On the west-coast of Norway, there are now frequent blooms of jellyfish, yet another indication that a controlling factor is missing in the system, in this case sandeel, which is a key species in the transfer of nutrients from zooplankton to higher trophic levels in the area. In this paper, I give a description of the situation and some suggested measures that should be taken in fisheries management.

scholarly journals Recent Foraminifera from the North Sea (Forties and Ekofisk areas) and the continental shelf west of Scotland

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Northern North Sea

Abstract. The regions studied are all of mid continental shelf depth (70–145 m) and have bottom waters of normal marine salinity. The North Sea has lower bottom water temperatures than those to the west of Scotland. However, the major difference between the two regions is one of tidal and/or wave energy: the northern North Sea is a low energy environment of muddy sand deposition whereas the sampled part of the continental shelf west and north of Scotland is a moderate to high energy environment of medium to coarse biogenic carbonate sedimentation.The physical differences between the two main areas are reflected in the living and dead foraminiferal assemblages. The northern North Sea is a region of free-living species whereas the continental shelf west of Scotland has immobile and mobile attached species living on firm substrates. The northern North Sea is very fertile and has high standing crop values.The dead assemblages are small in size and very abundant. To the west of Scotland the sea is less fertile, standing crop values are low, the dead assemblages are moderate to large in size and reasonably abundant due to the slow rate of dilution by sediment.

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