A Review of Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water Treatment

1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Marco Aieta ◽  
James D. Berg
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Korn ◽  
Robert C. Andrews ◽  
Michael D. Escobar

2013 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhong Guo ◽  
Yan Zhen Yu ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Guang Yong Yan

By the reason of strong responses activity and oxidation ability, Chlorine dioxide as oxidant and disinfectant has been applied to peroxidation and disinfection more and more widely.In this paper, it give an account of the preparation of chlorine dioxide, as oxidants to raw water pretreatment, used in filter water disinfection ,the detection technology of chlorine dioxide and disinfection by-products, the water quality standards formulated by domestic and overseas chlorine dioxide in using chlorine dioxide, and summarized progress on drinking water treatment with chlorine dioxide .


1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Dietrich ◽  
R. C. Hoehn ◽  
L. C. Dufresne ◽  
L. W. Buffin ◽  
D. M. C. Rashash ◽  
...  

The six algal metabolites, at concentrations of 20-225 μg/l, were oxidized with potassium permanganate, chlorine, or chlorine dioxide at doses of 0.25-3 mg/l. Flavor profile analysis (FPA) was used to determine the odors of the solutions before and after oxidation. Linoleic and palmitic acids, which are odorless compounds, were oxidized to odorous products by all three oxidants. The odor intensity of β-cyclocitral (grape, sweet tobacco) and phenethyl alcohol (rose, floral) was only slightly decreased by any of the oxidants. Oxidation by permanganate or chlorine either eliminated or greatly reduced the odors associated with linolenic acid (watermelon) and 2t,6c-nonadienal (cucumber); chlorine dioxide was ineffective at reducing the cucumber odor of 2t,6c-nonadienal. Oxidation, at doses typically applied for drinking water treatment, can result in the destruction of certain algae-related odors but in the formation of other odors.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 2015-2026
Author(s):  
Randal Marks ◽  
Kyle Doudrick

Chlorite (ClO2−) is a disinfection byproduct formed during drinking water treatment when source waters with a high oxidant demand are disinfected with chlorine dioxide.


1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Long ◽  
Robert A. Hulsey ◽  
Robert C. Hoehn

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1499-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sorlini ◽  
Michela Biasibetti ◽  
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli ◽  
Barbara Marianna Crotti

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
N. Fok ◽  
P.M. Huck ◽  
G.S. Walker ◽  
D.W. Smith

Abstract The City of Edmonton draws its drinking water from the North Saskatchewan River. Periodic taste and odour episodes have been related to organic compounds from urban runoff draining into the river. This paper describes the testing of 3 water treatment processes to reduce taste and odour. Chlorine dioxide, ozone and granular activated carbon were evaluated at pilot scale. Ethyl benzene was spiked into the water as a surrogate for taste and odour to permit quantitative comparisons. Under the conditions tested, ozone provided better removals than chlorine dioxide. GAC provided effective removals as well.


2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Verhille ◽  
Ron Hofmann ◽  
Christian Chauret ◽  
Robert Andrews

This objective of this study was to explore the practicality of monitoring naturally occurring organisms to predict drinking water treatment plant performance, in this case for the reduction of Cryptosporidium. Surface and ground water from seven drinking water treatment plants across North America that use chlorine dioxide were surveyed for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial spore concentrations. The concentrations of total spores were usually high enough in both raw and treated water to allow 4- to 5-log reductions to be observed across the treatment train by filtering up to 2 l of sample. These results suggested that naturally occurring treatment-resistant spores could be candidates as indicators of treatment performance. However, to be useful as indicators for Cryptosporidium reduction, the organisms would have to exhibit similar resistances to disinfection (chlorine dioxide in this case) in order to be useful. The inactivation kinetics of seven of the most common species were determined, and all were observed to be considerably more susceptible to chlorine dioxide inactivation than Cryptosporidium as reported in the literature. This study therefore did not identify an appropriate ambient microbial indicator for Cryptosporidium control.


2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Ranieri ◽  
Joanna Świetlik

The paper reports results of the experiments carried out at Fortore (Foggia, South Italy) and Mosina (Poznan, Poland) drinking water treatment plants aimed at DBPs control. Pilot scale GAC filters were installed in both plants in order to assess the efficacy of different kind of GAC for chlorites, NOM and THMs removal. Both pilot plants operated with and without chlorine dioxide pre-disinfection. In Fortore plant, because of free chlorine was added in ClO2 pre‐disinfection solution, THMs formation was evaluated. Results showed an high efficacy of chlorites removal on GAC filters up to 5500 and 10000 bed volumes for mineral and vegetal GAC in Fortore and up to 11000 bed volumes in Mosina. A preliminary characterization of natural organic matter (NOM) dissolved in Fortore raw water was performed as well, in order to confirm its reactivity towards chlorine dioxide. The presence of small molecules (< 500 Da) in Fortore pre‐disinfected water, has resulted in THMs and carboxylic acids formation due a fast reaction with Cl2‐ClO2. GAC columns have shown percentages of removal ranging from 60 to 72% for THMs and ranging from 14.6 to 43% for TOC, so that adsorption represents an essential step for DBPs control. Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiami eksperimentu, darytu atliekant DBPs kontrole Fortore (Foggia, Pietu Italija) ir Mosina (Poznan, Lenkija) geriamojo vandens ruošimo irenginiuose, rezultatai. Eksperimentiniai skirtingos rūšies GAC filtrai, skirti chlorido, natūraliu organiniu medžiagu (NOM) ir THMs šalinimo efektyvumui nustatyti, buvo irengti abiejuose vandens ruošimo irenginiuose. Abu eksperimentiniai vandens ruošimo irenginiai veike atlikus pirmini dezinfekavima chloro dioksidu ir dezinfekavimo neatlikus. Fortore vandens ruošimo irenginiuose laisvaji chlora pridedant i ClO2 pirmines dezinfekcijos tirpala, vertinta THMs susidarymas. Iš rezultatu buvo akivaizdu didelis chlorito sulaikymo GAC filtrais efektyvumas Fortore ir Mosina gyvenvietese. Taip pat nustatytos preliminarios NOM, ištirpusiu neapdorotame Fortore vandenyje, charak‐teristikos, taigi patvirtintas reaktyvumas su chloro dioksidu. Mažu molekuliu (<500 Da) buvimas Fortore nedezinfekuotame vandenyje leme THMs ir karboksilines rūgšties susidaryma del greitos reakcijos su Cl2‐ClO2. Tyrimu duomenimis, THMs pašalinta nuo 60 iki 72 %, TOC ‐ nuo 14,6 iki 43 %, taigi ši adsorbcija yra svarbus etapas kontroliuojant DBPs. Резюме В статье представлены результаты экспериментов по осуществлению контроля побочных продуктов дезинфекции на очистных сооружениях питьевой воды в Форторе (Фоджия, Южная Италия) и Мосине (Познань, Польша). Экспериментальные фильтры GAC были установлены на обеих водоочистных установках с целью выявить эффективность разных фильтров GAC, предназначенных для очищения воды от хлорида и других вредных веществ. Обе экспериментальные водоочистные установки действовали с первичной дезинфекцией с применением диоксида хлора и без него. В Форторе, где в водоочистных установках в раствор ClO2 для первичной дезинфекции добавляли свободный хлор, оценивалось образование тригалометана. Результаты показали высокую эффективность очищения от хлоридов фильтрами GAC в Форторе и Мосине. Также установлены предварительные характеристики естественных органических веществ, растворенных в необработанной воде в Форторе. Небольшое количество молекул (< 500 Da) в недезинфицированной воде в Форторе обусловило образование тригалометана и карбоксилановой кислоты в зависимости от скорости реакции с Cl2–ClO2. Фильтры GAC обеспечили 60–72-процентную очистку от тригалометана, а TOC – 14,6–43- процентную очистку. Таким образом, эта адсорбция является важным этапом контроля за побочными продуктами дезинфекции.


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