scholarly journals Mode of action human relevance (species concordance) framework: Evolution of the Bradford Hill considerations and comparative analysis of weight of evidence

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. (Bette) Meek ◽  
Christine M. Palermo ◽  
Ammie N. Bachman ◽  
Colin M. North ◽  
R. Jeffrey Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Bradford Hill

scholarly journals Increasing Scientific Confidence in Adverse Outcome Pathways: Application of Tailored Bradford-Hill Considerations for Evaluating Weight of Evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Becker ◽  
Gerald T. Ankley ◽  
Stephen W. Edwards ◽  
Sean W. Kennedy ◽  
Igor Linkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Bradford Hill ◽  
Adverse Outcome Pathways

Report of an independent peer review of an acrylonitrile risk assessment

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 487-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
L T Haber ◽  
J Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
Independent Review

A peer review panel made up of experts in toxicology, epidemiology, cancer mode of action (MOA), cancer mechanisms, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, dose–response, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cancer and noncancer methods, pharmacokinetic modeling and acrylonitrile, met on 22–23 September 2003 in Cincinnati, OH. The purpose of the meeting was to provide an independent review of a risk assessment of acrylonitrile that had been prepared by the Acrylonitrile Group (AN Group). Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) organized the peer review and selected the panel. The panel discussed the toxicity and epidemiology literature of acrylonitrile and MOA information, and reached conclusions regarding its MOA, weight of evidence (WOE) for carcinogenicity, preferred approach for dose-response assessment and risk values. This paper summarizes the discussion and conclusions of the panel regarding the acrylonitrile assessment. Subsequent to the peer review, the authors of the acrylonitrile assessment revised their report and the panel reviewed the revised report. A manuscript of the revised assessment is being published in Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Cancer mode of action, weight of evidence, and proposed cancer reference value for hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Sweeney ◽  
Michelle R. Okolica ◽  
Chester P. Gut ◽  
Michael L. Gargas
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Weight Of Evidence

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Omics Technologies Used to Study Antimonial, Amphotericin B, and Pentamidine Resistance inLeishmania

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagandeep Kaur ◽  
Bhawana Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Omics Technologies ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Leishmaniasis is a serious threat in developing countries due to its endemic nature and debilitating symptoms. Extensive research and investigations have been carried out to learn about the mechanism of drug resistance inLeishmaniabut results obtained in the laboratory are not in agreement with those obtained from the field. Also the lack of knowledge about the mode of action for a number of drugs makes the study of drug resistance more complex. A major concern in recent times has been regarding the role of parasitic virulence in drug resistance forLeishmania. Researchers have employed various techniques to unravel the facts about resistance and virulence inLeishmania. With advent of advanced and more specific means of detection, further hints about probable mechanisms of conferring resistance are expected. This review aims to provide a consolidated picture along with a comparative account of the work done so far to study the mechanism of antimony, amphotericin B, and pentamidine resistance using various techniques.

scholarly journals From the Cover: Fenretinide, Troglitazone, and Elmiron Add to Weight of Evidence Support for Hemangiosarcoma Mode-of-Action From Studies in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon C Cook ◽  
Leslie A Obert ◽  
Petra Koza-Taylor ◽  
Timothy M Coskran ◽  
Alan C Opsahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Weight Of Evidence

Critical review of the publications on the genotoxicology of aluminium salts: 1990–2018

Mutagenesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jenkinson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Good Laboratory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Toxicological Mechanism

Abstract Since the mid-1970s, there have been many reports that purport to implicate aluminium in the aetiology of neurodegenerative disease. After several decades of research, the role of aluminium in such disease remains controversial and is not the subject of this review. However, if aluminium is implicated in such disease then it follows that there must be a toxicological mechanism or mode of action, and many researchers have investigated various potential mechanisms including the involvement of oxidative damage, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. This paper reviews many of the publications of studies using various salts of aluminium and various genotoxicity end points, both in vitro and in vivo, with a focus on oxidative damage. The conclusion of this review is that the majority, if not all, of the publications that report positive results have serious technical flaws and/or implausible findings and consequently should contribute little or no weight to a weight of evidence (WoE) argument. There are many high-quality, Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-compliant genotoxicity studies, that follow relevant OECD test guidelines and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) integrated mutagenicity testing strategy, on several salts of aluminium; all demonstrate clear negative results for both in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity. In addition, the claim for an oxidative mode of action for aluminium can be shown to be spurious. This review concludes that there are no reliable studies that demonstrate a potential for genotoxicity, or oxidative mode of action, for aluminium.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis And Criteria For Highlighting The Circumstances Of The Course Of Action In Pashto And Russian

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Eleonora Ilsurovna Zamaleeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the comparative, as well as the criteria for highlighting the circumstance of the mode of action in the Pashto language, approaches to the selection of the circumstance of the mode of action among other grammatical categories in Pashto and Russian. In terms of the functional features of adverbs, it is worth noting that an adverb always performs the function of a circumstance in a sentence. For example, the circumstances of time, place, degree, or mode of action in both Pashto and Russian. In the adverbialization characteristic of the Pashto language adverbs, it can be noted that this paragraph considers the process of the transition of adverbs to other parts of speech. In the Pashto language, as in the Russian language, the circumstance is divided into the following groups: place, time, degree, mode of action, and others.

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