Nature of DNA sequences at the attachment regions of genes to the nuclear matrix

1993 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teni Boulikas
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Matrix

DNA Sequences Nonrandomly Distributed in Respect to Rat Liver Nuclear Matrix

1990 ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
J. Rzeszowska-Wolny ◽  
J. Lanuszewska ◽  
J. Rogolinski
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Matrix

scholarly journals DNA and proteins of the nuclear matrix are the main targets of benzo[a]pyrene's action in rat hepatocytes.

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Widłak ◽  
J Rzeszowska-Wolny
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Matrix ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Nuclear Matrix Proteins ◽  
Cultured Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
High Molecular Weight Proteins

The binding of [14C]benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) to DNA and proteins in total nuclei and subnuclear fractions of cultured rat hepatocytes was compared. The main targets of B[a]P were non-histone high molecular weight proteins of the nuclear matrix and DNA sequences attached to this structure. Following 24 h exposure to B[a]P the amounts of adducts in the nuclear matrix DNA and proteins were twice as high as in total nuclei. After withdrawal of the carcinogen containing medium the level of B[a]P-induced adducts gradually decreased but always remained the highest in the nuclear matrix proteins. Removal of adducts from the nuclear matrix DNA was more efficient than from the other DNA fractions, and 72 h after exposure to the carcinogen the level of DNA adducts in this fraction was similar to that in total nuclei.

scholarly journals Boundary Element-Associated Factor 32B Connects Chromatin Domains to the Nuclear Matrix

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 4796-4806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi U. Pathak ◽  
Nandini Rangaraj ◽  
Satish Kallappagoudar ◽  
Krishnaveni Mishra ◽  
Rakesh K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Element ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Matrix ◽  
Domain Boundary ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Boundary Elements ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Chromatin Domain ◽  
Eukaryotic Genomes

ABSTRACT Chromatin domain boundary elements demarcate independently regulated domains of eukaryotic genomes. While a few such boundary sequences have been studied in detail, only a small number of proteins that interact with them have been identified. One such protein is the boundary element-associated factor (BEAF), which binds to the scs′ boundary element of Drosophila melanogaster. It is not clear, however, how boundary elements function. In this report we show that BEAF is associated with the nuclear matrix and map the domain required for matrix association to the middle region of the protein. This region contains a predicted coiled-coil domain with several potential sites for posttranslational modification. We demonstrate that the DNA sequences that bind to BEAF in vivo are also associated with the nuclear matrix and colocalize with BEAF. These results suggest that boundary elements may function by tethering chromatin to nuclear architectural components and thereby provide a structural basis for compartmentalization of the genome into functionally independent domains.

scholarly journals Inactivation of 14-3-3ς Influences Telomere Behavior and Ionizing Radiation-Induced Chromosomal Instability

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 7764-7772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonu Dhar ◽  
Jeremy A. Squire ◽  
M. Prakash Hande ◽  
Raymund J. Wellinger ◽  
Tej K. Pandita
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Matrix ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Checkpoint Control ◽  
Aberrant Chromosome ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Chromosomal Breaks ◽  
Radiation Induced

ABSTRACT Telomeres are complexes of repetitive DNA sequences and proteins constituting the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. While these structures are thought to be associated with the nuclear matrix, they appear to be released from this matrix at the time when the cells exit from G2 and enter M phase. Checkpoints maintain the order and fidelity of the eukaryotic cell cycle, and defects in checkpoints contribute to genetic instability and cancer. The 14-3-3ς gene has been reported to be a checkpoint control gene, since it promotes G2 arrest following DNA damage. Here we demonstrate that inactivation of this gene influences genome integrity and cell survival. Analyses of chromosomes at metaphase showed frequent losses of telomeric repeat sequences, enhanced frequencies of chromosome end-to-end associations, and terminal nonreciprocal translocations in 14-3-3ς−/− cells. These phenotypes correlated with a reduction in the amount of G-strand overhangs at the telomeres and an altered nuclear matrix association of telomeres in these cells. Since the p53-mediated G1 checkpoint is operative in these cells, the chromosomal aberrations observed occurred preferentially in G2 after irradiation with gamma rays, corroborating the role of the 14-3-3ς protein in G2/M progression. The results also indicate that even in untreated cycling cells, occasional chromosomal breaks or telomere-telomere fusions trigger a G2 checkpoint arrest followed by repair of these aberrant chromosome structures before entering M phase. Since 14-3-3ς−/− cells are defective in maintaining G2 arrest, they enter M phase without repair of the aberrant chromosome structures and undergo cell death during mitosis. Thus, our studies provide evidence for the correlation among a dysfunctional G2/M checkpoint control, genomic instability, and loss of telomeres in mammalian cells.

scholarly journals Atm Inactivation Results in Aberrant Telomere Clustering during Meiotic Prophase

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 5096-5105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tej K. Pandita ◽  
Christoph H. Westphal ◽  
Melanie Anger ◽  
Satin G. Sawant ◽  
Charles R. Geard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Matrix ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Nuclear Periphery ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
Gonadal Atrophy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Atm Protein ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT A-T (ataxia telangiectasia) individuals frequently display gonadal atrophy, and Atm −/− mice show spermatogenic failure due to arrest at prophase of meiosis I. Chromosomal movements take place during meiotic prophase, with telomeres congregating on the nuclear envelope to transiently form a cluster during the leptotene/zygotene transition (bouquet arrangement). Since the ATM protein has been implicated in telomere metabolism of somatic cells, we have set out to investigate the effects of Atm inactivation on meiotic telomere behavior. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and synaptonemal complex (SC) immunostaining of structurally preserved spermatocytes I revealed that telomere clustering occurs aberrantly inAtm −/− mice. Numerous spermatocytes ofAtm −/− mice displayed locally accumulated telomeres with stretches of SC near the clustered chromosome ends. This contrasted with spermatogenesis of normal mice, where only a few leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes I with clustered telomeres were detected. Pachytene nuclei, which were much more abundant in normal mice, displayed telomeres scattered over the nuclear periphery. It appears that the timing and occurrence of chromosome polarization is altered in Atm −/− mice. When we examined telomere-nuclear matrix interactions in spermatocytes I, a significant difference was observed in the ratio of soluble versus matrix-associated telomeric DNA sequences between meiocytes ofAtm −/− and control mice. We propose that the severe disruption of spermatogenesis during early prophase I in the absence of functional Atm may be partly due to altered interactions of telomeres with the nuclear matrix and distorted meiotic telomere clustering.

scholarly journals Specific DNA sequences associated with the nuclear matrix in synchronized mouse 3T3 cells.

1983 ◽  
Vol 80 (22) ◽  
pp. 6887-6891 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Goldberg ◽  
I. Collier ◽  
A. Cassel
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Matrix ◽  
3T3 Cells

scholarly journals DNA-nuclear matrix interactions analyzed by cross-linking reactions in intact nuclei from avian liver.

1995 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ferraro ◽  
M Eufemi ◽  
L Cervoni ◽  
F Altieri ◽  
C Turano
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Matrix ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Dna Interactions ◽  
Nuclear Matrix Proteins ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
The Cross

To detect the interactions of DNA with the nuclear matrix proteins, DNA-protein cross-linkages were induced in intact nuclei from chicken liver by the use of cis-diammine dichloroplatinum. Methods have been devised for fast purification both of the proteins and of the DNA fragments involved in the cross-linked complexes. By Southern-Western blotting a number of matrix proteins isolated from the complexes have been shown to recognize specifically DNA sequences present in the cross-linked DNA fragments. This experimental approach not only allows to identify the nuclear matrix-DNA interactions existing in the nucleus before its disruption, but also provides a preparation of matrix proteins enriched in those species which are involved in such interactions and which can therefore be detected with high sensitivity.

scholarly journals Binding of matrix attachment regions to lamin polymers involves single-stranded regions and the minor groove

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 6297-6305
Author(s):  
M E Ludérus ◽  
J L den Blaauwen ◽  
O J de Smit ◽  
D A Compton ◽  
R van Driel
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Matrix ◽  
Minor Groove ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Matrix Attachment Regions ◽  
Nuclear Matrix Proteins ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Loop Domains

Chromatin in eukaryotic nuclei is thought to be partitioned into functional loop domains that are generated by the binding of defined DNA sequences, named MARs (matrix attachment regions), to the nuclear matrix. We have previously identified B-type lamins as MAR-binding matrix components (M. E. E. Ludérus, A. de Graaf, E. Mattia, J. L. den Blaauwen, M. A. Grande, L. de Jong, and R. van Driel, Cell 70:949-959, 1992). Here we show that A-type lamins and the structurally related proteins desmin and NuMA also specifically bind MARs in vitro. We studied the interaction between MARs and lamin polymers in molecular detail and found that the interaction is saturable, of high affinity, and evolutionarily conserved. Competition studies revealed the existence of two different types of interaction related to different structural features of MARs: one involving the minor groove of double-stranded MAR DNA and one involving single-stranded regions. We obtained similar results for the interaction of MARs with intact nuclear matrices from rat liver. A model in which the interaction of nuclear matrix proteins with single-stranded MAR regions serves to stabilize the transcriptionally active state of chromatin is discussed.

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