The chemical composition of high-boiling fractions of coal tar. I. A steam distillate from a vertical-retort soft pitch

According to the theory developed by the author, a substance is built from statistical ensembles more general than atoms, molecules, and supramolecular structures, namely, from multicomponent systems with chaos of chemical composition (MSCC). Any imperfect substance exists in the form of multicomponent systems with chaos of composition and consists of an infinite number of components. It is shown that all natural and man-made substances are MHS, with varying degrees of chemical chaos. According to the theory, MSCC with small composition chaos are distinguished, which are identified as individual substances and systems with significant chaos – multicomponent mixtures. Natural MSCC with significant Gaussian compositional chaos include hydrocarbon systems, for example, natural gases, fuel fractions, gas condensates, space systems, for example, interstellar dust and gas clouds, geochemical, and biogeochemical objects. Technogenic MSCC are obtained by processing natural systems, such as coal tar, and oil refining. Biogenic MSCC include humic acids, blood plasma, etc. Individual substances (colorblind) are Poisson systems with chaos of chemical composition, or systems with small chaos of composition. MSCC are objects that manifest themselves as a whole in physicochemical processes. These systems are qualitatively different from conventional mixtures by a certain statistical law of the distribution of the composition according to physicochemical properties and have thermodynamic and kinetic features. For example, the Ministry of Agriculture does not comply with the law of consistency. To characterize such systems, it is proposed to use the informational entropy of the composition and the entropy of the diversity of components. The point of view on matter as a system with chaos of composition is justified, one of the laws of evolution of which is the increase in the entropy of the diversity of states, which is the source of evolution of the MSCC.

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The chemical composition of high-boiling fractions of coal tar. II. Pitch oil fractions from a mixed vertical retort/horizontal retort pitch

Journal of Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1002/jctb.5010060705 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 293-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. S. Harris ◽

E. N. White ◽

D. McNeil

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Coal Tar ◽

Oil Fractions

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Properties of Coal Tar Pitch Modified with Acid and Oxidation Treatment

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.735 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 785-786 ◽

pp. 735-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mi Jung Yoo ◽

Chang Wook Park ◽

Yun Soo Lim ◽

Myung Soo Kim

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Softening Point ◽

High Performance ◽

Coal Tar ◽

Considerable Change ◽

Coal Tar Pitch ◽

Remarkable Change ◽

Oxidation Treatment

To achieve lower price and high performance of pitch carbon fiber, coal tar pitch has to restructure through high-purity process, thermal and acid treatment process, and separation process. Thermal treatment and different oxidation treatments were used to increase the softening point and yield of the precursor pitch for carbon fiber. These treatments have the effect on the properties of carbon fiber because they cause considerable change in the chemical composition of pitches. Low molecular weight materials could be removed by the thermal treatment. The oxygen containing structure formed by the acid treatments would promote the poly-condensation and polymerization reactions. The oxidation treatment with sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and air blowing would lead to the remarkable change in the chemical composition of pitches, and resulted in considerable increase in the softening point and yield of the pitches.

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PENGARUH TEKANAN REAKTOR PADA PENGHIDRORENGKAHAN TAR BATUBARA

Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia ◽

10.14203/jkti.v15i2.111 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 65-73

Author(s):

Novie Ardhyarini ◽

Daliya Indra Setiawan ◽

Syntha Nardey

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Coal Tar ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Support Effect ◽

Silica Support ◽

Simulated Distillation ◽

Autoclave Reactor ◽

And Chemical Properties

Coal gasificationproduce tar as aside-product. Coal tar is a complexmixture, and consists of various functionalgroups mainly polyaromatic compounds.Due to its chemical composition, coal taris categorized as hazardous material. Thephysical and chemical properties of coaltar is similar to crude oil, but it has higherpolyaromatics and impurities. Thoseproblems are the main challenges ofprocessing coal tar into fuel. Therefore, anupgrading process is required This paperdiscussed upgrading coal tar into fuel byhydrocracking in an autoclave reactorusing catalyst of nickel-molybdenum withalumina-silica support. Effect of reactorpressure was observed Hydrocrackingproduct at 450°C and 120bar showed thebest result where the HIC molar ratioincreased 26% and the specijic gravitydecreased 19%. The impurities of sulphurand nitrogen decreased 88,5% and 72%respectively. Hydrocracking productwasdistilled using a simulated distillation bygas chromatography. Based on simulateddistillation analysis, the product could befractionated into 2,2%vol of light end,33.8%vol of naphtha, and 48%vol ofmiddle distillate. These results showed thatcoal tar is potential to be processed intofuel. Furthermore, the utilization of coaltar can be a solution of waste treatment aswell.Keywords :Coal tar, waste, hydro cracking,autoclave reactor, fuel

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