Lower cellular immune responses to influenza A (H3N2) in the elderly

The cellular immune responses elicited by an investigational vaccine against an emergent variant of influenza (H3N2v) are not fully understood. Twenty-five subjects, enrolled in an investigational influenza A/H3N2v vaccine study, who received two doses of vaccine 21 days apart, were included in a sub-study of cellular immune responses. H3N2v-specific plasmablasts were determined by ELISpot 8 days after each vaccine dose and H3N2v specific CD4+ T cells were quantified by intracellular cytokine and CD154 (CD40 ligand) staining before vaccination, 8 and 21 days after each vaccine dose. Results: 95% (19/20) and 96% (24/25) subjects had pre-existing H3N2v specific memory B, and T cell responses, respectively. Plasmablast responses at Day 8 after the first vaccine administration were detected against contemporary H3N2 strains and correlated with hemagglutination inhibition HAI (IgG: p = 0.018; IgA: p < 0.001) and Neut (IgG: p = 0.038; IgA: p = 0.021) titers and with memory B cell frequency at baseline (IgA: r = 0.76, p < 0.001; IgG: r = 0.74, p = 0.0001). The CD4+ T cells at Days 8 and 21 expanded after prime vaccination and this expansion correlated strongly with early post-vaccination HAI and Neut titers (p ≤ 0.002). In an adult population, the rapid serological response observed after initial H3N2v vaccination correlates with post-vaccination plasmablasts and CD4+ T cell responses.

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Induction and maintenance of diverse humoral and cellular immune responses following influenza A virus infection and vaccination

10.17077/etd.vs91-sfeh ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Zeb Ralph Zacharias

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Influenza A Virus Infection ◽

Cellular Immune

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Novel Bivalent Viral-Vectored Vaccines Induce Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Conferring Protection against Stringent Influenza A Virus Challenge

The Journal of Immunology ◽

10.4049/jimmunol.1600939 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 199 (4) ◽

pp. 1333-1341 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Claire M. Tully ◽

Senthil Chinnakannan ◽

Caitlin E. Mullarkey ◽

Marta Ulaszewska ◽

Francesca Ferrara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Virus Challenge ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Immune

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Cellular Immune Responses in the Murine Lung to Local Immunization with Influenza A Virus Glycoproteins in Micelles and Immunostimulatory Complexes (Iscoms)

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02397.x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 645-652 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

P. D. JONES ◽

R. THAHLA ◽

B. MOREIN ◽

K. LOVGREN ◽

G. L. ADA

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Murine Lung ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Immune

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Nutritional Factors and Cellular Immune Responses

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/026010609200800308 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 8 (2-3) ◽

pp. 133-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yasuo Kishino ◽

Satoru Moriguchi

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Pulmonary Infection ◽

The Elderly ◽

Voluntary Exercise ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Nutritional factors affect the immune response to infection and cancer in the elderly as well as young children. We studied the effects of lower and higher intake of food or nutrients on the immune cells of macrophage-lymphocyte series in the lung of rats. In rats of all ages taking voluntary exercise, a well balanced diet that contains adequate protein (20–40%) is crucial for maintenance of high levels of immune response. In addition, extra amounts of vitamins A and E activated the function of alveolar macrophages, which are probably stimulated by fat soluble vitamins coming into the lung via the lymphatic route from the intestine, and will be especially important in preventing pulmonary infection and cancer.

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An evaluation of cytokine and cellular immune responses to heterologous prime-boost vaccination with influenza A/H7N7-A/H7N9 inactivated vaccine

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics ◽

10.1080/21645515.2020.1750910 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 3138-3145 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hana M El Sahly ◽

George Makedonas ◽

David Corry ◽

Robert L Atmar ◽

Abbie Bellamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Influenza A ◽

Inactivated Vaccine ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Boost Vaccination ◽

Cellular Immune

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CpG ODN and ISCOMATRIX Adjuvant: A Synergistic Adjuvant Combination Inducing Strong T-Cell IFN-γResponses

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/636847 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Michael J. McCluskie ◽

Risini D. Weeratna ◽

Dana M. Evans ◽

Shawn Makinen ◽

Debbie Drane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Influenza A ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Tumor Cell Line ◽

Cpg Odn ◽

Adjuvant Activity ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Adjuvant Effects

For the induction of robust humoral and cellular immune responses, a strong rationale exists to use vaccine-adjuvant combinations possessing both immune modulatory and enhanced delivery capabilities. Herein, we evaluated the combination of 2 different adjuvants, a TLR9 agonist, composed of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs (CpG), and ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (ISCOMATRIX), composed of saponin, phospholipid, and cholesterol, which possesses both immunostimulatory and delivery properties. While both individual adjuvants have been shown effective in numerous preclinical and clinical studies, it is likely that for optimal adjuvant activity a combined adjuvant approach will be necessary. Herein, using three different antigens, namely, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), ovalbumin (OVA), and influenza A haemagglutinin antigen (HA), we show in mice that some adjuvant effects of CpG and ISCOMATRIX are further enhanced if they are used in combination. In particular, with all three antigens, IFN-γlevels were greatly increased with the CpG/ISCOMATRIX combination. The ability of the CpG/ISCOMATRIX combination to induce antitumor responses when administered with OVA following administration to mice of a highly metastatic OVA-secreting tumor cell line (B16-OVA melanoma) was also demonstrated. Thus the CpG/ISCOMATRIX combination may prove to be a valuable tool in the development of novel or improved vaccines.

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