Characterizing Winter Season Severity in the Midwest United States, Part II : Interannual Variability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Budikova ◽  
Trent W. Ford ◽  
Jefferson D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Midwest United States

Characterizing Winter Season Severity in the Midwest United States, Part I: Climatology & Recent Trends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent W. Ford ◽  
Dagmar Budikova ◽  
Jefferson D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Midwest United States ◽  
Recent Trends

130. Indoor Environmental Quality in Six Commercial Office Buildings in the Midwest United States

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Reynolds ◽  
P. Subramanian ◽  
G. Breuer ◽  
M. Stein ◽  
D. Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Midwest United States

Predictors of indoor radon levels in the Midwest United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleshka Carrion-Matta ◽  
Joy Lawrence ◽  
Choong-Min Kang ◽  
Jack M. Wolfson ◽  
Longxiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Midwest United States

scholarly journals A Climatology of 500-hPa Closed Lows in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, 1948–2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1578-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina S. Oakley ◽  
Kelly T. Redmond
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Reanalysis Dataset ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northeastern Pacific

AbstractThe northeastern Pacific Ocean is a preferential location for the formation of closed low pressure systems. These slow-moving, quasi-barotropic systems influence vertical stability and sustain a moist environment, giving them the potential to produce or affect sustained precipitation episodes along the west coast of the United States. They can remain motionless or change direction and speed more than once and thus often pose difficult forecast challenges. This study creates an objective climatological description of 500-hPa closed lows to assess their impacts on precipitation in the western United States and to explore interannual variability and preferred tracks. Geopotential height at 500 hPa from the NCEP–NCAR global reanalysis dataset was used at 6-h and 2.5° × 2.5° resolution for the period 1948–2011. Closed lows displayed seasonality and preferential durations. Time series for seasonal and annual event counts were found to exhibit strong interannual variability. Composites of the tracks of landfalling closed lows revealed preferential tracks as the features move inland over the western United States. Correlations of seasonal event totals for closed lows with ENSO indices, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern suggested an above-average number of events during the warm phase of ENSO and positive PDO and PNA phases. Precipitation at 30 U.S. Cooperative Observer stations was attributed to closed-low events, suggesting 20%–60% of annual precipitation along the West Coast may be associated with closed lows.

Extreme reversals in successive winter season precipitation anomalies across the Western United States, 1895-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1520-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Marston ◽  
Andrew W. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies

Interannual Variability of Biomass (SMOS Vegetation Optical Depth) Over the Contiguous United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amen Al-Yaari ◽  
Jean-Pierre Wigneron ◽  
Agnes Ducharne ◽  
Frederic Frappart ◽  
Xiaojun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Optical Depth

Genetic structure and variation in aggressiveness inFusarium virguliformein the Midwest United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Y. C. Mbofung ◽  
T. C. Harrington ◽  
J. T. Steimel ◽  
S. S. Navi ◽  
X. B. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Midwest United States

scholarly journals Reanalysis intercomparisons of stratospheric polar processing diagnostics

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 13547-13579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary D. Lawrence ◽  
Gloria L. Manney ◽  
Krzysztof Wargan
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Climate Forecast ◽  
Forecast System ◽  
Climate Forecast System ◽  
Stratospheric Polar Vortex ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Environmental Prediction ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Abstract. We compare herein polar processing diagnostics derived from the four most recent “full-input” reanalysis datasets: the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis/Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSR/CFSv2), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim (ERA-Interim) reanalysis, the Japanese Meteorological Agency's 55-year (JRA-55) reanalysis, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). We focus on diagnostics based on temperatures and potential vorticity (PV) in the lower-to-middle stratosphere that are related to formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), chlorine activation, and the strength, size, and longevity of the stratospheric polar vortex. Polar minimum temperatures (Tmin) and the area of regions having temperatures below PSC formation thresholds (APSC) show large persistent differences between the reanalyses, especially in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), for years prior to 1999. Average absolute differences of the reanalyses from the reanalysis ensemble mean (REM) in Tmin are as large as 3 K at some levels in the SH (1.5 K in the Northern Hemisphere – NH), and absolute differences of reanalysis APSC from the REM up to 1.5 % of a hemisphere (0.75 % of a hemisphere in the NH). After 1999, the reanalyses converge toward better agreement in both hemispheres, dramatically so in the SH: average Tmin differences from the REM are generally less than 1 K in both hemispheres, and average APSC differences less than 0.3 % of a hemisphere. The comparisons of diagnostics based on isentropic PV for assessing polar vortex characteristics, including maximum PV gradients (MPVGs) and the area of the vortex in sunlight (or sunlit vortex area, SVA), show more complex behavior: SH MPVGs showed convergence toward better agreement with the REM after 1999, while NH MPVGs differences remained largely constant over time; differences in SVA remained relatively constant in both hemispheres. While the average differences from the REM are generally small for these vortex diagnostics, understanding such differences among the reanalyses is complicated by the need to use different methods to obtain vertically resolved PV for the different reanalyses. We also evaluated other winter season summary diagnostics, including the winter mean volume of air below PSC thresholds, and vortex decay dates. For the volume of air below PSC thresholds, the reanalyses generally agree best in the SH, where relatively small interannual variability has led to many winter seasons with similar polar processing potential and duration, and thus low sensitivity to differences in meteorological conditions among the reanalyses. In contrast, the large interannual variability of NH winters has given rise to many seasons with marginal conditions that are more sensitive to reanalysis differences. For vortex decay dates, larger differences are seen in the SH than in the NH; in general, the differences in decay dates among the reanalyses follow from persistent differences in their vortex areas. Our results indicate that the transition from the reanalyses assimilating Tiros Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) data to advanced TOVS and other data around 1998–2000 resulted in a profound improvement in the agreement of the temperature diagnostics presented (especially in the SH) and to a lesser extent the agreement of the vortex diagnostics. We present several recommendations for using reanalyses in polar processing studies, particularly related to the sensitivity to changes in data inputs and assimilation. Because of these sensitivities, we urge great caution for studies aiming to assess trends derived from reanalysis temperatures. We also argue that one of the best ways to assess the sensitivity of scientific results on polar processing is to use multiple reanalysis datasets.

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