scholarly journals Synovial membrane receptors as therapeutic targets: A review of receptor localization, structure, and function

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1589-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Kleine ◽  
Steven C. Budsberg
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Receptor Localization ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Membrane receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters.

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
C R Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Hormone Action ◽  
Membrane Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mechanism Of Hormone Action ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Receptors for peptide hormones and neurotransmitters are integral components of the plasma membrane of cells which serve to couple the external milieu to the intracellular regulators of metabolism. These macromolecules are usually high molecular weight glycoproteins, and in many cases appear to have more than one subunit capable of binding the hormone. The interaction of the hormone or neurotransmitter with its receptor is rapid, reversible, and of high affinity and specificity. Many receptors exhibit cooperative properties in hormone binding or biological function. The concentration of receptors on the membrane is a function of continued synthesis and degradation, and may be altered by a variety of factors including the hormone itself. The fluid mosaic nature of the membrane may allow hormone receptors and effectors to exist in free floating states. Further investigations of the hormone-receptor interaction will no doubt yield new insights into both the mechanism of hormone action and membrane structure and function.

scholarly journals Gender and Its Role in the Resilience of Local Medical Systems of the Fulni-ô People in NE Brazil: Effects on Structure and Functionality

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Wendy Torres-Avilez ◽  
André Luiz Borba do Nascimento ◽  
Flavia Rosa Santoro ◽  
Patricia Muniz de Medeiros ◽  
Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Knowledge Transmission ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Function ◽  
Redundancy Models ◽  
Flow Of Information

Ethnobotanical studies focused on understanding how local medical systems are functionally maintained suggest that utilitarian redundancy and knowledge transmission are factors that influence the resilience of the system. However, to date, there have not been any studies that analyze these factors in relation to the variables that influence the variation of knowledge. Given the above, this study aims to analyze the influence of gender in the resilience of the system, using utilitarian redundancy and knowledge transmission as factors. Information from 198 married couples (396 people) was collected from the indigenous community of Fulni-ô (NE Brazil). Knowledge between men and women was analyzed based on the total number of known plants, therapeutic targets, information units, utilitarian redundancy, models of transmission, and sharing for each gender. Fulni-ô men know a greater number of plants, therapeutic targets treated with plants, and information units than women. They also had greater utilitarian redundancy. However, regarding knowledge transmission, sharing among women was greater, transmission is related to gender, and there is no difference between the numbers of models of knowledge information. In the system of local medical knowledge, gender exerts an important role in the resilience of the system. This study shows that men have a greater contribution to the structure and function of the system; however, both genders contribute to the flow of information in the system, which makes both genders important in the feedback of information.

scholarly journals Role of Carboxyl Groups in the Secondary Structure and Function of Sturgeon Gonadotropin

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Henriks Zenkevičs ◽  
Ilze Vosekalna ◽  
Vija Vose
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Cd Spectroscopy ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Gonadotropic Hormone ◽  
Glycine Ethyl Ester ◽  
And Function ◽  
Specific Membrane

Role of Carboxyl Groups in the Secondary Structure and Function of Sturgeon Gonadotropin Free negatively charged carboxyl groups were selectively modified (neutralised) in sturgeon (Acipenser güldenstädti Br.) gonadotropic hormone (GTH) α and β subunits. Eleven free carboxyl groups, three in the α and eight in the β subunit, were neutralised by reaction with glycine ethyl ester. Investigation of reassociated α-β dimers (recombinants) comprising one or both modified subunits showed that specific hormonal activity was completely lost while immunoreactivity was lowered in comparison with that of the standard α-β dimer. CD-spectroscopy of the modified subunits did not indicate any considerable changes in their spatial structure. A conclusion was made that free COOH groups of GTH were important as bearers of the negative charge necessary for the hormone activity on the level of the hormone-specific membrane receptors.

scholarly journals Isoflurane Enhances the Moonlighting Activity of GAPDH: Implications for GABAA Receptor Trafficking

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Montalbano ◽  
Christopher S. Theisen ◽  
Eugene E. Fibuch ◽  
Norbert W. Seidler
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Receptor Trafficking ◽  
Receptor Localization ◽  
Self Association ◽  
And Function ◽  
Moonlighting Functions ◽  
Insight Into

GABAA receptor activity is directly modulated by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a protein with many nonglycolytic moonlighting functions. In addition to playing a role in the phosphorylation of the receptor, GAPDH may also participate in proper receptor trafficking to the plasma membrane. We previously showed that volatile anesthetics affect GAPDH structure and function that may contribute to the manner by which GAPDH modulates the GABAA receptor. In the current study, GAPDH interacted with engineered phospholipid-containing vesicles, preferring association with phosphatidylserine over phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidyl-serine is known to participate in membrane trafficking of transport proteins and to play a role in GABAA receptor stability and function. We observed that GAPDH promoted the self-association and fusion of phosphatidyl-serine-rich vesicles as well as decreased membrane fluidity. Isoflurane enhanced each of these GAPDH-mediated events. Isoflurane also increased the binding of GAPDH to the cytoplasmic loop of the GABAA receptor. These observations are consistent with the working model of isoflurane playing a role in the trafficking of membrane proteins. This study is the first to implicate GAPDH and isoflurane in the regulation of GABAA receptor localization, providing insight into the mechanism of action of anesthesia.

Membrane receptors: Structure and function of the relaxin family peptide receptors

2010 ◽  
Vol 320 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C.K. Kong ◽  
Patrick J. Shilling ◽  
Derek K. Lobb ◽  
Paul R. Gooley ◽  
Ross A.D. Bathgate
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Peptide Receptors ◽  
Relaxin Family ◽  
And Function

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

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