Are colored periodontal probes reliable to classify the gingival phenotype in terms of gingival thickness?

Abstract Background Preservation of the interdental papilla is an essential part of the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of dental treatment. It has been described that thicker gingival tissues are more resistant to recession. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze whether a thin gingival phenotype represents a potential risk indicator affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width in an esthetic region between maxillary central incisors. The secondary goals were: (1) to analyze parameters describing the papilla—fill, height, width, and effect of papilla base width on the vertical papillary dimension; (2) to determine correlation between different non-invasive measurements of gingival thickness; (3) to compare both sexes. Methods A total of 54 periodontally healthy students (20–30 years old) were included in the study. Gingival thickness was measured using Pirop Ultrasonic Biometer. Gingival phenotype was also assessed by gingival probe transparency. Papilla height and width were measured, and the degree of papilla recession was classified. Results No significant relationship between papilla fill, height, width and gingival probe transparency or gingival thickness was found. Gingival thickness and gingival probe transparency showed a significant relationship (P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between papilla height and papilla fill (P = 0.028). A papilla which filled the interdental space completely seemed to be shorter. A strong positive correlation between papilla height and papilla width was found (P < 0.0001). The papilla between maxillary central incisors was significantly higher in males (P = 0.01). Conclusion The appearance of the interdental papilla may be influenced by various factors. Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that the thin gingival phenotype alone is no potential risk indicator affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width. It seems that there may be some effect of papilla base width on its vertical dimension. Gingival probe transparency is a simple reliable method of assessment of gingival thickness with a threshold value of 1-mm gingival thickness between the thick and thin phenotypes.

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The influence of gingival phenotype on the morphology of the maxillary central papilla

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34256/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Šimon Belák ◽

Radovan Žižka ◽

Martin Starosta ◽

Jana Zapletalová ◽

Jiří Šedý ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Positive Association ◽

Potential Risk Factor ◽

Gingival Thickness ◽

Interdental Papilla ◽

Gingival Phenotype ◽

Probe Transparency ◽

Base Width

Abstract Background Preservation of the interdental papilla is an essential part of the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of dental treatment. It has been described that thicker gingival tissues are more resistant to recession. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze whether a thin gingival phenotype represents a potential risk factor affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width in an esthetic region between maxillary central incisors. The secondary goals were: 1) to analyze parameters describing the papilla – fill, height, width, and effect of papilla base width on the vertical papillary dimension; 2) to determine correlation between different non-invasive measurements of gingival thickness; 3) to compare both sexes.Methods A total of 54 periodontally healthy students (20–30 years old) were included in the study. Gingival thickness was measured using Pirop Ultrasonic Biometer. Gingival phenotype was also assessed by gingival probe transparency. Papilla height and width were measured, and the degree of papilla recession was classified.Results No significant correlation between papilla fill, height, width and gingival probe transparency or gingival thickness was found. Gingival thickness and gingival probe transparency showed a significant relationship (P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between papilla height and papilla fill (P = 0.028). A papilla which filled the interdental space completely seemed to be shorter. A strong positive association between papilla height and papilla width was found (P <0.0001). The papilla between maxillary central incisors was significantly higher in males (P = 0.01).Conclusion The appearance of the interdental papilla may be influenced by various factors. Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that the thin gingival phenotype alone is no potential risk factor affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width. There seems to be an effect of papilla base width on its vertical dimension. Gingival probe transparency is a simple reliable method of assessment of gingival thickness with a threshold value of 1-mm gingival thickness between the thick and thin phenotypes.

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The Influence of Gingival Phenotype on the Morphology of the Maxillary Central Papilla

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34256/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Šimon Belák ◽

Radovan Žižka ◽

Martin Starosta ◽

Jana Zapletalová ◽

Jiří Šedý ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Potential Risk Factor ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Gingival Thickness ◽

Interdental Papilla ◽

Gingival Phenotype ◽

Probe Transparency ◽

Base Width

Abstract BackgroundPreservation of the interdental papilla is an essential part of the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of dental treatment. It has been described that thicker gingival tissues are more resistant to recession. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze whether a thin gingival phenotype represents a potential risk factor affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width in an esthetic region between maxillary central incisors. The secondary goals were: 1) to analyze parameters describing the papilla – fill, height, width, and effect of papilla base width on the vertical papillary dimension; 2) to determine correlation between different non-invasive measurements of gingival thickness; 3) to compare both sexes.MethodsA total of 54 periodontally healthy students (20–30 years old) were included in the study. Gingival thickness was measured using Pirop Ultrasonic Biometer. Gingival phenotype was also assessed by gingival probe transparency. Papilla height and width were measured, and the degree of papilla recession was classified.ResultsNo significant relationship between papilla fill, height, width and gingival probe transparency or gingival thickness was found. Gingival thickness and gingival probe transparency showed a significant relationship (P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between papilla height and papilla fill (P = 0.028). A papilla which filled the interdental space completely seemed to be shorter. A strong positive correlation between papilla height and papilla width was found (P <0.0001). The papilla between maxillary central incisors was significantly higher in males (P = 0.01).ConclusionThe appearance of the interdental papilla may be influenced by various factors. Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that the thin gingival phenotype alone is no potential risk factor affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width. It seems that there may be some effect of papilla base width on its vertical dimension. Gingival probe transparency is a simple reliable method of assessment of gingival thickness with a threshold value of 1-mm gingival thickness between the thick and thin phenotypes.

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Effects of Concentrated Growth Factor on Gingival Thickness in Periodontal Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics: A 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-574210/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Qi ◽

Weiwen Ge ◽

Ningning Cao ◽

Shoupeng Wang ◽

Yifeng Qian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Gingival Thickness ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Intergroup Comparison ◽

Gingival Phenotype

Abstract Background: Earlier studies have not given clear results of concentrated growth factor (CGF) on gingival thickness (GT) in periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO). This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of CGF on GT in patients with thin gingival phenotype undergoing PAOO.Methods: 44 patients with 264 surgical sites were recruited at baseline. All patients were randomly allocated to either a control (collagen matrix memberane) or test (CGF) group and received PAOO. GT, gingival height (GH), buccal alveolar bone thickness (BT), and buccal alveolar bone height (BH) were evaluated depending on cross-sectional CBCT images at t0 (before surgery) and t1(6 months after surgery). Results: GT were increased in both groups at t1 compared to t0. Yet, higher values were observed in the test group (from 0.95±0.26 to 1.29±0.34mm) compared to the control group (from 0.92±0.25 to 1.01±0.18mm) (p < 0.05). Moreover, in the intergroup comparison, GT at t1 in the test group was significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the GT of central incisors, lateral incisors and canine teeth all showed significantly changes compared with baseline and the test group showed higher increase (p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference were found in GH, BT, BH and all clinical parameters between two groups at t1 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, gingival thickness could be increased by using CGF in PAOO for the patients with thin gingival phenotype. Trial registration The study was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry（http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx）under the number ChiCTRINR17013346, Registered 11 November 2017.

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The influence of gingival phenotype on the morphology of the maxillary central papilla

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34256/v4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Šimon Belák ◽

Radovan Žižka ◽

Martin Starosta ◽

Jana Zapletalová ◽

Jiří Šedý ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potential Risk ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Risk Indicator ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Gingival Thickness ◽

Interdental Papilla ◽

Gingival Phenotype ◽

Probe Transparency ◽

Base Width

Abstract Background Preservation of the interdental papilla is an essential part of the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of dental treatment. It has been described that thicker gingival tissues are more resistant to recession. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze whether a thin gingival phenotype represents a potential risk indicator affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width in an esthetic region between maxillary central incisors. The secondary goals were: 1) to analyze parameters describing the papilla – fill, height, width, and effect of papilla base width on the vertical papillary dimension; 2) to determine correlation between different non-invasive measurements of gingival thickness; 3) to compare both sexes. Methods A total of 54 periodontally healthy students (20–30 years old) were included in the study. Gingival thickness was measured using Pirop Ultrasonic Biometer. Gingival phenotype was also assessed by gingival probe transparency. Papilla height and width were measured, and the degree of papilla recession was classified. Results No significant relationship between papilla fill, height, width and gingival probe transparency or gingival thickness was found. Gingival thickness and gingival probe transparency showed a significant relationship (P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between papilla height and papilla fill (P = 0.028). A papilla which filled the interdental space completely seemed to be shorter. A strong positive correlation between papilla height and papilla width was found (P <0.0001). The papilla between maxillary central incisors was significantly higher in males (P = 0.01). Conclusion The appearance of the interdental papilla may be influenced by various factors. Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that the thin gingival phenotype alone is no potential risk indicator affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width. It seems that there may be some effect of papilla base width on its vertical dimension. Gingival probe transparency is a simple reliable method of assessment of gingival thickness with a threshold value of 1-mm gingival thickness between the thick and thin phenotypes.

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The influence of gingival phenotype in the morphology of the central maxillary interdental papilla

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34256/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Šimon Belák ◽

Radovan Žižka ◽

Martin Starosta ◽

Jana Zapletalová ◽

Jiří Šedý ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Treatment ◽

Positive Association ◽

Gingival Thickness ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Soft Tissue Thickness ◽

Study Results ◽

Strong Positive Association ◽

Interdental Papilla ◽

Gingival Phenotype ◽

Probe Transparency

Abstract BackgroundPreservation of interdental papilla is an essential part of the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of dental treatment. It was described that thicker gingival tissues are more resistant to recession. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze if the gingival phenotype represents a potential risk factor affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width in an esthetic region between central maxillary incisors. The secondary goals were: 1) analyze parameters describing papilla and the influence of a wide papilla basis for the vertical papillary dimension; 2) the correlation between different non-invasive measurements of gingival thickness; 3) comparison among both sexes.MethodsTogether, 54 periodontally healthy students (20–30 years old) were included in the study. Gingival thickness was measured using Pirop Ultrasonic Biometer. Phenotype was also assessed by gingival probe transparency. Papilla parameters - height and width of the interdental papilla were measured, and the degree of papilla recession was classified.ResultsNo significant correlation between papilla height, width, or papilla fill and gingival probe transparency or gingival thickness was found. Both methods of assessments of gingival phenotype showed a significant relationship. There was a significant correlation of papilla height and papilla fill. Papillae, which filled the interdental space completely, seem to be shorter. A strong positive association between papilla height and papilla width was revealed. Papillae were significantly higher in males.ConclusionThe appearance of interdental papillae could be influenced by various factors. Within the limitations of this study, results showed no significant correlation between the morphology of interdental papillae and soft tissue thickness. It seems that there is an influence of a wide papilla basis for its vertical dimension.

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Effects of autologous concentrated growth factor on gingival thickness in periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics: a 6-month randomized controlled trial

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01967-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lei Qi ◽

Weiwen Ge ◽

Ningning Cao ◽

Shoupeng Wang ◽

Yifeng Qian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Gingival Thickness ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Intergroup Comparison ◽

Gingival Phenotype

Abstract Background Earlier studies have not given clear results of concentrated growth factor (CGF) on gingival thickness (GT) in periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO). This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of CGF on GT in patients with thin gingival phenotype undergoing PAOO. Methods Forty four patients presenting 264 anterior mandibular teeth were recruited and randomly allocated to one of the groups: test—positioning of autologous CGF after PAOO or control—positioning of a collagen membrane after PAOO. GT, gingival height (GH), buccal alveolar bone thickness (BT), and buccal alveolar bone height (BH) were evaluated depending on cross-sectional CBCT images at t0 (before surgery) and t1(6 months after surgery). Results GT were increased in both groups at t1 compared to t0. Yet, higher values were observed in the test group (from 0.94 ± 0.23 to 1.31 ± 0.33 mm) compared to the control group (from 0.94 ± 0.19 to 1.02 ± 0.16 mm) (p < 0.05). Moreover, in the intergroup comparison, GT at t1 in the test group was significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the GT of central incisors, lateral incisors and canine teeth all showed significantly changes compared with baseline and the test group showed higher increase (p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference were found in GH, BT, BH and all clinical parameters between two groups at t1 (p > 0.05). Conclusions Within the limitation of this study, gingival thickness could be increased by using CGF in PAOO for the patients with thin gingival phenotype. Trial registration The study was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) under the number ChiCTRINR17013346, Registered 11 November 2017.

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Dynamics of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and -8 Secretion in Gingival Crevicular Fluid after Gingival Recession Therapy via MCAT with Either Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft or Collagen Matrix

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11050731 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 731

Author(s):

Anna Skurska ◽

Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska ◽

Robert Milewski ◽

Małgorzata Pietruska

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Collagen Matrix ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Gingival Thickness ◽

Connective Tissue Graft ◽

Tissue Graft ◽

Keratinized Tissue ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine and estimate the changing levels of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 8 (MMP-1 and MMP-8) in GCF at consecutive stages of healing after root coverage procedure via modified coronally advanced tunnel (MCAT) combined with either sub-epithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) or collagen matrix (CM) and also to relate those changes to clinical outcomes of both therapeutic approaches. Materials and methods: The study involved 20 patients with a total of 91 recessions. Those on one side of the mandible received MCAT plus CM while the contralateral ones MCAT plus SCTG. The evaluation of MMP-1 and MMP-8 concentrations in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) took place at baseline, then at 1, 2, and 4 weeks, and finally at 3 months after surgery. Elisa protocol was applied to determine the levels of MMP-1 and MMP-8 in GCF. Results: Three-month observation revealed statistically significant changes in MMP-1, MMP-8 and Sulcus Fluid Flow Rate (SFFR) values after implementation of both techniques. A correlation was found between a difference in MMP-1 concentrations and gain in Keratinized Tissue (KT) after SCTG and CM. MMP-8 levels and a Gingival Thickness (GT) gain observed after CM was also correlated. Conclusions: A type of augmentative material does appear to determine the dynamics of MMP-1 secretion.

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A Novel Technique for the Estimation of Gingival Thickness: A Preliminary Study

The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry ◽

10.11607/prd.4947 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 571-577

Author(s):

Serhat Aslan ◽

Tommaso Clauser ◽

Tiziano Testori ◽

Massimo Del Fabbro ◽

Giulio Rasperini

Keyword(s):

Gingival Thickness ◽

Novel Technique ◽

Preliminary Study

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Rotational Flap to Enhance Buccal Gingival Thickness and Implant Emergence Profile in the Esthetic Zone: Two Cases Reports

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601711010284 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 284-293

Author(s):

Mohammed Jasim AL-Juboori

Keyword(s):

Gingival Tissue ◽

Tissue Thickness ◽

Implant Surgery ◽

Gingival Thickness ◽

Second Stage ◽

Rotational Flap

Objective: Many techniques have been developed to enhance the gingival thickness, gingival level and emergence profile around the implant in the esthetic zone. Introduction: In this study, a buccal rotational flap was used to improve the implant site in the esthetic zone and increase gingival tissue thickness. Methods: Two cases involved the use of a rotational flap during second-stage implant surgery, one case involved the use of a temporary crown with a healing abutment, and another case involved the use of a healing abutment. Result: The cases were followed up until the final crown was placed. The implant site was improved in 2 cases; the gingival thickness increased, the gingival level was enhanced and the emergence profile was developed. Conclusion: Many factors affect the results of a rotational flap; some factors are surgical, while others are prosthetic, biological and anatomical.

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