scholarly journals Effects of Livestock Grazing on Soil Health and Recovery of A Degraded Andean Araucaria Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Crovo ◽  
Felipe Aburto ◽  
Clara Costa‐Reidel ◽  
Francisco Montecino ◽  
Rolando Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Health ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Araucaria Forest

scholarly journals The influence of fire and livestock grazing on the assemblage of non-flying small mammals in grassland-Araucaria Forest ecotones, southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Pedó ◽  
Thales R. O. de Freitas ◽  
Sandra M. Hartz
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Araucaria Forest

scholarly journals LIVESTOCK GRAZING REDUCES SOIL QUALITY AND THREATENS RECOVERY OF A DEGRADED ANDEAN ARAUCARIA FOREST.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Crovo ◽  
Clara da Costa-Reidel ◽  
Rolando Rodríguez ◽  
Felipe Aburto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Endangered Tree ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Araucaria Forest

Araucaria araucana is an iconic long-lived endangered tree species exclusively distributed in Southern Chile and Argentina. Araucaria forest ecosystems provide a myriad of ecosystem benefits to local aboriginal Mapuche-Pehuenche communities. Among the main current threats for Araucaria forests are the increasing frequency and severity of wildfires and overgrazing. This study evaluates the effect of uncontrolled livestock grazing on soil quality indicators linked to critical functions relevant to forest regeneration and ecosystem service provision. We also aim to determine a set of soil quality indicators that are sensitive enough to grazing pressure, so they are useful as early indicators of degradation or the effectiveness of restoration practices. This study evaluated twenty soil quality indicators in two contiguous degraded forest areas with contrasting grazing pressure. We observed a substantial shift in forest structure, a reduction in tree coverage on the overgrazed sites. Overgrazing has produced significant deterioration of most soil physical, chemical, and biological quality indicators making soil conditions less suitable for seed germination and sapling establishment. We also observed an alteration in C, N, and P biogeochemical pools. Besides, soil physical indicators alterations suggest changes in these soils’ hydrological behavior, potentially reducing water storage, availability, and increasing runoff. We show that uncontrolled grazing in native protected areas degrades soils and forest health, restricting forest regeneration and potentially accelerating erosive processes. Our results emphasized the need for an improved conservation plan for these forests that systematically evaluates and monitors livestock grazing and all its direct and indirect effects, including soil quality.

scholarly journals Introducing cover crops as a fallow replacement in the Northern Great Plains: I. Evaluation of cover crop mixes as a forage source for grazing cattle

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Wyffels ◽  
Maryse Bourgault ◽  
Julia M. Dafoe ◽  
Peggy F. Lamb ◽  
Darrin L. Boss
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract Crop-livestock integration has demonstrated that cover crops can be terminated using livestock grazing with minimal negative impacts on soil health, however, provides little information on system-level approaches that mutually benefit soil health and both crop and livestock production. Therefore, the objective of this research was to examine the effects of cover crop mixtures on biomass production, quality and the potential for nitrate toxicity on a dryland wheat-cover crop rotation. This research was conducted at the Montana State University-Northern Agricultural Research Center near Havre, MT (48°29′N, −109°48′W) from 2012 to 2019. This experiment was conducted as a randomized-complete-block design, where 29 individual species were utilized in 15 different cover crop mixtures in a wheat-cover crop rotation. Cover crop mixtures were classified into four treatment groups, including (1) cool-season species, (2) warm-season species dominant, (3) cool and warm-season species mixture (mid-season), and (4) a barley (Hordeum vulgare) control. All cover crop mixtures were terminated at anthesis of cool-season cereal species to avoid volunteer cereal grains in the following wheat crop. At the time of cover crop termination, dry matter forage production was estimated and analyzed for crude protein, total digestible nutrients and nitrates as indicators of forage quality. All mixtures containing oats (Avena sativa) had greater (P ⩽ 0.03) biomass production than other mixtures within their respective treatment groups (cool- and mid-season). Forage biomass was influenced by cover crop treatment group, with the barley producing the greatest (P < 0.01) amount of forage biomass when compared to cool-, mid- and warm-season cover crop treatments. Total digestible nutrients were greater (P < 0.01) in the barley control compared to the cool- and mid-season treatment groups. Crude protein was greatest in the warm-season treatment group (P < 0.01) compared to the barley control, cool- and mid-season treatment groups. The barley control produced fewer nitrates (P ⩽ 0.05) than the cool-, mid- and warm-season treatment groups; however, all cover crop mixtures produced nitrates at levels unsafe for livestock consumption at least one year of the study. The relatively high and variable nitrate levels of all cover crop mixtures across years in this study suggest that forage should be tested for nitrates before grazing. In conclusion, our research suggests that in a dryland wheat-cover crop rotation that requires early-July termination, cool-season cover crop mixtures are the most suitable forage source for livestock grazing most years.

Agroforestry in Eastern Otago: results from two long-term experiments

2000 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
G.G. Cossens ◽  
M.F. Hawke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Pasture Yield

During the first 20 years of a Pinus radiata tree rotation, tree growth and pasture yield were assessed under a range of tree spacings at Invermay and Akatore, two coastal sites in Eastern Otago. Pasture yield in association with trees thinned to 100 stems per hectare (sph) was comparable to that from open pasture up to a tree age of 12 years. By the 19th year, however, pasture production declined to 63% of open pasture yield at Invermay and to 42% at Akatore. At 200 and 400 sph at Akatore, pasture yield was similar to that from open pasture at tree age 12 years but declined to 27% and 0% of open pasture yield respectively by year 20. At both Invermay and Akatore, the ryegrass and clover content of open pasture was relatively constant throughout the term of the trial. However, both the ryegrass and clover content of pasture beneath trees began to decline by tree age 12 years with a very rapid decline at Akatore in the number of pasture species at 200 sph by the 19th year. No pasture remained at 400 sph, after 19 years. Livestock carrying capacity with sheep on tree treatments at Invermay decreased from 100% of open pasture at year 6 to 60% by year 10. At Akatore, livestock carrying capacity averaged over the 20-year life of the trial was 4.1 stock units per hectare with a maximum of 8.1 stock units at a tree age of 8 years. Tree growth at both sites was similar, averaging between 1 and 1.1 m/year in height over 20 years, with trees at Invermay at 100 sph averaging 9% greater height and diameter growth than at Akatore. Increasing tree stocking from 100 to 200 to 400 sph at Akatore, resulted in increased tree height, but decreased diameter at breast height. A comparison of the East Otago trees with those in a similar trial at Tikitere (Rotorua) 900 km further north indicated that the southern trees were about 6 years later in their growth pattern by tree age 20 years. On both sites, soil pH tended to be lower in the presence of trees and was significantly lower than in open pasture by year 20. The results and comparisons with the Tikitere data suggest that, in an integrated agroforestry regime, there will be livestock grazing under the trees further into the tree rotation in Otago than in North Island sites. However, slower tree growth would result in a longer rotation time to harvest. Current recommendations to farmers are to plant trees on the less productive areas of the farm and adopt a tree stocking rate which fully utilises the site. Keywords: agroforestry, livestock, pasture, Pinus radiata, soil pH, tree stocking

Impact of Cereal+legume Intercropping Systems on Productivity and Soil Health -A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-286
Author(s):  
Ankita Begam ◽  
◽  
Ramyajit Mondal ◽  
Susanta Dutta ◽  
Hirak Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Health

Organizational and Economic Principles of Agricultural Machinery Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Dmytro Kachan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Agrarian Sector

Abstract Technical support of producers of agrarian products has always been and will remain a topical issue in realities of agrarian sector of Ukraine. In recent years, integrated forms of agricultural enterprises have become more widespread, which make it possible to increase and renew a machine-tractor park of their participants. In course of study four main technologies of soil cultivation and their impact were considered, an amount of necessary machinery and equipment, energy and labor costs, and impact on quality indicators of soil health. Also, main organizational forms of enterprises that provide equipment rental services or perform fieldwork were analyzed. Proposals were made regarding a merger of existing enterprises into agro technical centers, which would increase an efficiency of their functioning and cover functions of regional self-government. Also, the most common forms of machinery usage by agricultural enterprises were considered.

Soil vital signs: A new Soil Quality Index (SQI) for assessing forest soil health

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Amacher ◽  
Katherine P. O'Neil ◽  
Charles H. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Soil Quality Index

Demonstrating Cover Crop Mixtures on Iowa Farmland:Management, Soil Health, and Water Quality Benefits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Licht ◽  
Liz Juchems ◽  
Jacqueline Comito ◽  
Matthew Helmers ◽  
Sarah Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Health

Demonstrating Cover Crop Mixtures on Iowa Farmland: Management, Soil Health, and Water Quality Benefits

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Licht ◽  
Liz Juchems ◽  
Jacqueline Comito ◽  
Matthew Helmers ◽  
Sarah Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Health
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