Chondroitin and Dermatan Sulfate Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting and Cartilage Regeneration

Patients with bone and cartilage defects due to infection, tumors, and trauma are quite common. Repairing bone and cartilage defects is thus a major problem for clinicians. Autologous and artificial bone transplantations are associated with many challenges, such as limited materials and immune rejection. Bone and cartilage regeneration has become a popular research topic. Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a widely occurring biopolymer with high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds that exists in organisms from bacteria to mammals. Much data indicate that polyP acts as a regulator of gene expression in bone and cartilage tissues and exerts morphogenetic effects on cells involved in bone and cartilage formation. Exposure of these cells to polyP leads to the increase of cytokines that promote the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, accelerates the osteoblast mineralization process, and inhibits the differentiation of osteoclast precursors to functionally active osteoclasts. PolyP-based materials have been widely reported in in vivo and in vitro studies. This paper reviews the current cellular mechanisms and material applications of polyP in bone and cartilage regeneration.

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Epigenetics and Cartilage Regeneration

Cartilage Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Techniques ◽

10.5772/intechopen.82362 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Samina Hyder Haq ◽

Iqraa Haq ◽

Atheer Ali Alsayah ◽

Abir Alamro ◽

Amani AlGhamedi

Keyword(s):

Cartilage Regeneration ◽

And Cartilage

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Bone and cartilage regeneration with the use of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy ◽

10.1517/14712598.2015.1068755 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 1541-1552 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Michail E Klontzas ◽

Eustathios I Kenanidis ◽

Manolis Heliotis ◽

Eleftherios Tsiridis ◽

Athanasios Mantalaris

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Cartilage Regeneration ◽

And Cartilage

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Arg-Gly-Asp Peptide-Functionalized Superparamagnetic γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Enhance Osteoblast Migration In Vitro

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2020.17484 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 6173-6179

Author(s):

Xue Liu ◽

Xiao-Ling Yang ◽

Qiao Hu ◽

Mao-Shi Liu ◽

Tao Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Cartilage Regeneration ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Low Cytotoxicity ◽

The Magnetic Field ◽

And Cartilage ◽

Osteoblast Migration

Making osteoblast migration manageably target to injury sites has been the key challenging in cell therapy for bone and cartilage regeneration. Superparamagnetic materials, the magnetic guide for cell migration, have been applied to increase cell retention. However, additional targeting modifications are still needed to accelerate the low uptake efficiency and moving speed. Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (RGD)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles showed cutting-edge competence in cell differentiation control and targeted drug delivery. However, more evidence was required to corroborate its role in osteoblast migration in bone repair. In the present study, RGD-modified γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (RGD-Fe2O3 NPs) were prefabricated with the grafting ratio of 33.3–37.4%. The RGD-Fe2O3 NPs unveiled excellent water dispersibility with uniform size distribution at 5–6 nm and negligibly low cytotoxicity. As a result, MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts treated with RGD-Fe2O3 NPs boosted its migration speed in a magnetic field compared with those incubated with unmodified Fe2O3 NPs. Furthermore, osteoblasts treated with RGD-Fe2O3 NPs exhibited more Fe uptake. The results exposed the fact that RGD-mediated specific cellular uptake presented higher efficiency than the non-RGD-mediated one, resulting from a stronger superparamagnetic force between the labeled cells and the magnetic field. These findings indicate that the RGD-functionalized Fe2O3 NPs can promote osteoblast migration in the magnetic field, providing a promising strategy in magnet-guided cell therapy for bone and cartilage regeneration.

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