Submission of Certificate of Origin (e-Form D) is conducted through a three-layer system named ASW Gateway, LNSW, and CEISA has raised issues related to the period/time of receipt of e-Form D given by customs authorities for the purposes of charging preferential tariffs in the ATIGA scheme. This article aims to analyze the legal certainty in submitting e-Form D to the customs authorities in the importing country, in this case, the Directorate General of Customs and Excise for the purpose of charging preferential tariffs, so that it can be in line with the presentation principle based on the ATIGA OCP and Indonesian domestic legal provisions. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with descriptive analysis and normative qualitative to draw conclusions. Based on the research, it was concluded that with regard to the submission of e-Form D, Customs and Excise Officials must have confidence based on factual evidence to determine whether the principle of submission of e-Form D has been accomplished or refused when an interruption in the ASW Gateway, LNSW or CEISA happened so the Customs Officer and Excise can determine tariffs based on OCP as well as domestic law in force in Indonesia.Keywords: ATIGA, Customs Authority, Directorate General of Customs and Excise, e-Form D, Tariffs Preference.ABSTRAK: Penyerahan SKA e-Form D dilakukan melalui tiga layer system yakni ASW Gateway, LNSW, dan CEISA memunculkan permasalahan terkait dengan jangka waktu/saat diterimanya e-Form D oleh otoritas kepabeanan untuk kepentingan pengenaan tarif preferensi dalam skema ATIGA. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis kepastian hukum dalam penyerahan e-Form D ke otoritas kepabeanan di negara importir, dalam hal ini Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai untuk kepentingan pengenaan tarif preferensi, sehingga dapat sejalan dengan prinsip presentasi berdasarkan OCP ATIGA dan ketentuan hukum domestik Indonesia. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif secara deskriptif analisis dan penarikan kesimpulan secara normatif kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa berkenaan dengan penyerahan e-Form D, Pejabat Bea dan Cukai harus memiliki keyakinan berdasarkan bukti faktual untuk menentukan apakah prinsip penyerahan e-Form D sudah dipenuhi/tidak ketika terjadi gangguan pada ASW Gateway, LNSW atau CEISA sehingga Pejabat Bea dan Cukai dapat menentukan tarif berdasarkan OCP maupun hukum domestik yang berlaku di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: ATIGA, Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai, e-Form D, Otoritas Kepabeanan, Tarif Preferensi.
Existence of spherically symmetric solutions for a reduced gravity two-and-a-half layer system
