Changes of relaxation times (T1, T2) and apparent diffusion coefficient after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat: temporal evolution, regional extent, and comparison with histology

This is the first study to assess the influence of sex on the evolution of ischaemic injury and penumbra. Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in male (n = 9) and female (n = 10) Sprague-Dawley rats. Diffusion-weighted imaging was acquired over 4 h and infarct determined from T2 images at 24 h post-permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Penumbra was determined retrospectively from serial apparent diffusion coefficient lesions and T2-defined infarct. Apparent diffusion coefficient lesion volume was significantly smaller in females from 0.5 to 4 h post permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion as was infarct volume. Penumbral volume, and its loss over time, was not significantly different despite the sex difference in acute and final lesion volumes.

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Temporal evolution and spatial distribution of the diffusion constant of water in rat brain after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion

Journal of the Neurological Sciences ◽

10.1016/0022-510x(93)90262-w ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 120 (2) ◽

pp. 123-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Q. Jiang ◽

Z.G. Zhang ◽

M. Chopp ◽

J.A. Helpern ◽

R.J. Ordidge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Middle Cerebral Artery ◽

Rat Brain ◽

Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽

Cerebral Artery ◽

Temporal Evolution ◽

Diffusion Constant ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Cerebral Artery Occlusion

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Hyperglycemia Accelerates Apparent Diffusion Coefficient-Defined Lesion Growth after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats with and Without Features of Metabolic Syndrome

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.2013.107 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 1556-1563 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

David Tarr ◽

Delyth Graham ◽

Lisa A Roy ◽

William M Holmes ◽

Christopher McCabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Middle Cerebral Artery ◽

Infarct Volume ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Ischemic Damage ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Poststroke hyperglycemia is associated with a poor outcome yet clinical management is inadequately informed. We sought to determine whether clinically relevant levels of hyperglycemia exert detrimental effects on the early evolution of focal ischemic brain damage, as determined by magnetic resonance imaging, in normal rats and in those modeling the ‘metabolic syndrome’. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) or fructose-fed spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (ffSHRSP) rats were randomly allocated to groups for glucose or vehicle administration before permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Diffusion-weighted imaging was carried out over the first 4 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion and lesion volume calculated from apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Infarct volume and immunostaining for markers of oxidative stress were measured in the fixed brain sections at 24 hours. Hyperglycemia rapidly exacerbated early ischemic damage in both WKY and ffSHRSP rats but increased infarct volume only in WKY rats. There was only limited evidence of oxidative stress in hyperglycemic animals. Acute hyperglycemia, at clinically relevant levels, exacerbates early ischemic damage in both normal and metabolic syndrome rats. Management of hyperglycemia may have greatest benefit when performed in the acute phase after stroke in the absence or presence of comorbidities.

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