scholarly journals The influence of gender on ‘tissue at risk’ in acute stroke: A diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging study in a rat model of focal cerebral ischaemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey A Baskerville ◽  
I Mhairi Macrae ◽  
William M Holmes ◽  
Christopher McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Ischaemic Injury ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

This is the first study to assess the influence of sex on the evolution of ischaemic injury and penumbra. Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in male (n = 9) and female (n = 10) Sprague-Dawley rats. Diffusion-weighted imaging was acquired over 4 h and infarct determined from T2 images at 24 h post-permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Penumbra was determined retrospectively from serial apparent diffusion coefficient lesions and T2-defined infarct. Apparent diffusion coefficient lesion volume was significantly smaller in females from 0.5 to 4 h post permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion as was infarct volume. Penumbral volume, and its loss over time, was not significantly different despite the sex difference in acute and final lesion volumes.

scholarly journals Prediction of secondary ischemic lesions with diffusion-weighted imaging after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats

Stroke ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 352-352
Author(s):  
Fuhai Li ◽  
Matthew D Silva ◽  
Xiangjun Meng ◽  
Christopher H Sotak ◽  
Marc Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Initial Lesions

P75 Background and Purpose: Previous studies demonstrated that secondary ischemic lesions documented by diffusion-weighted imaging might be smaller than, larger than or similar to initial lesions that occur during ischemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the size of secondary lesions can be predicted. Methods: Twelve rats underwent 30 minutes of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with the intraluminal suture method. Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted images were performed just before reperfusion, 90 minutes and 24 hours after reperfusion. The ischemic lesion size was calculated by tracing visual abnormalities on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. Cerebral blood flow index (CBF i ) ratio was calculated by dividing the ipsilateral CBF i by the contralateral CBF i . Based on difference between initial and secondary lesion volume, rats were assigned to reperfusion-benefit group (n=6) where secondary lesions were smaller than initial lesions (less than 85% of initial lesions) and reperfusion-nonbenefit group (n=6) where secondary lesions were similar to or larger than initial lesions (more than 85% of initial lesions). Results: At 90 minutes after reperfusion, the initial ischemic lesions almost disappeared in both groups. At 24 hours, secondary lesions were 54±11% (mean±SD) of the initial lesions in the reperfusion-benefit group and 100±14% of the initial lesions in the reperfusion-nonbenefit group (p<0.001). There was no difference in ADC values (47±2×10 -5 mm 2 /s vs 46±5×10 -5 mm 2 /s, p=0.7) and CBF i ratio (0.62±0.06 vs 0.67±0.04, p=0.2) between the two groups before reperfusion. However, the initial lesion volume was significantly smaller in the reperfusion-benefit group than in the reperfusion-nonbenefit group (125±54 mm 3 vs 195±36 mm 3 , p=0.037). Conclusions: Changes of ADC values and CBF before reperfusion are unable to predict if initial ischemic lesions will eventually shrink or not after reperfusion. Smaller size of initial lesions may suggest that secondary lesions will be smaller than initial lesions.

scholarly journals Sustained diffusion reversal with in-bore reperfusion in monkey stroke models: Confirmed by prospective magnetic resonance imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 2002-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Sik Yi ◽  
Chi-Hoon Choi ◽  
Sang-Rae Lee ◽  
Hong Jun Lee ◽  
Youngjeon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Although early diffusion lesion reversal after recanalization treatment of acute ischaemic stroke has been observed in clinical settings, the reversibility of lesions observed by diffusion-weighted imaging remains controversial. Here, we present consistent observations of sustained diffusion lesion reversal after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in a monkey stroke model. Seven rhesus macaques were subjected to endovascular transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with in-bore reperfusion confirmed by repeated prospective diffusion-weighted imaging. Early diffusion lesion reversal was defined as lesion reversal at 3 h after reperfusion. Sustained diffusion lesion reversal was defined as the difference between the ADC-derived pre-reperfusion maximal ischemic lesion volume (ADCD-P Match) and the lesion on 4-week follow-up FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging. Diffusion lesions were spatiotemporally assessed using a 3-D voxel-based quantitative technique. The ADCD-P Match was 9.7 ± 6.0% (mean ± SD) and the final infarct was 1.2–6.0% of the volume of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Early diffusion lesion reversal and sustained diffusion lesion reversal were observed in all seven animals, and the calculated percentages compared with their ADCD-P Match ranged from 8.3 to 51.9% (mean ± SD, 26.9 ± 15.3%) and 41.7–77.8% (mean ± SD, 65.4 ± 12.2%), respectively. Substantial sustained diffusion lesion reversal and early reversal were observed in all animals in this monkey model of transient focal cerebral ischaemia.

scholarly journals Hyperglycemia Accelerates Apparent Diffusion Coefficient-Defined Lesion Growth after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats with and Without Features of Metabolic Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1556-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tarr ◽  
Delyth Graham ◽  
Lisa A Roy ◽  
William M Holmes ◽  
Christopher McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Ischemic Damage ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Poststroke hyperglycemia is associated with a poor outcome yet clinical management is inadequately informed. We sought to determine whether clinically relevant levels of hyperglycemia exert detrimental effects on the early evolution of focal ischemic brain damage, as determined by magnetic resonance imaging, in normal rats and in those modeling the ‘metabolic syndrome’. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) or fructose-fed spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (ffSHRSP) rats were randomly allocated to groups for glucose or vehicle administration before permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Diffusion-weighted imaging was carried out over the first 4 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion and lesion volume calculated from apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Infarct volume and immunostaining for markers of oxidative stress were measured in the fixed brain sections at 24 hours. Hyperglycemia rapidly exacerbated early ischemic damage in both WKY and ffSHRSP rats but increased infarct volume only in WKY rats. There was only limited evidence of oxidative stress in hyperglycemic animals. Acute hyperglycemia, at clinically relevant levels, exacerbates early ischemic damage in both normal and metabolic syndrome rats. Management of hyperglycemia may have greatest benefit when performed in the acute phase after stroke in the absence or presence of comorbidities.

scholarly journals Infarct Volume Before Hemicraniectomy in Large Middle Cerebral Artery Infarcts Poorly Predicts Catastrophic Outcome

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 2404-2410
Author(s):  
Barbara Casolla ◽  
Gregory Kuchcinski ◽  
Maéva Kyheng ◽  
Riyad Hanafi ◽  
Jean-Paul Lejeune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

Background and Purpose: Infarct volumes predict malignant infarcts in patients undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy (DH) for large middle cerebral artery territory infarcts. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal magnetic resonance imaging infarct volume threshold that predicts a catastrophic outcome at 1 year (modified Rankin Scale score of 5 or death). Methods: We included consecutive patients who underwent DH for large middle cerebral artery infarcts. We analyzed infarct volumes before DH with semi-automated methods on b1000 diffusion-weighted imaging sequences and apparent diffusion coefficient maps. We studied infarct volume thresholds for prediction of catastrophic outcomes, and analyzed sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve, a value ≥0.70 indicating an acceptable prediction. Results: Of 173 patients (109 men, 63%; median age 53 years), 42 (24.3%) had catastrophic outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging b1000 diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient infarct volumes were associated to the occurrence of 1-year catastrophic outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 9.17 [95% CI, 2.00–42.04] and odds ratio, 4.18 [95% CI, 1.33–13.19], respectively, per 1 log increase). The optimal volume cutoff of were 211 mL on b1000 diffusion-weighted imaging and 181 mL on apparent diffusion coefficient maps. The 2 methods showed similar sensitivities and specificities and overlapping area under the curve of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.54–0.74). Conclusions: In patients with large middle cerebral artery infarcts, optimal magnetic resonance imaging infarct volume thresholds showed poor accuracy and low specificity to predict 1-year catastrophic outcome, with different b1000 diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient thresholds. In the setting of DH, optimal infarct volumes alone should not be used to deny DH, irrespectively of the method used.

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