Effects of castration and testosterone treatment on the activity of testosterone-metabolizing enzymes in the brain of male and female zebra finches

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vockel ◽  
E. Pröve ◽  
J. Balthazart
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
The Brain

Prenatal testosterone improves the spatial learning and memory by protein synthesis in different lobes of the brain in the male and female rat

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Gurzu ◽  
Vlad Artenie ◽  
Lucian Hritcu ◽  
Alin Ciobica
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Reference Memory ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Maze Task ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Organizational Effects ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe high density of the steroid hormone receptors in the structures of temporal lobe involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus, perirhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex and amigdaloid complex, shows that there must be a direct relationship between gonadal hormones and organizational effects of steroid hormones in those structures during development of the nervous system. The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the effect of testosterone administration during the third week of gestation on the spatial memory formation of the offspring rats and the level of soluble proteins in the temporal lobe and frontal lobe of brain, as evidence of important organizational effects of androgens during prenatal development in brain sexual dimorphism. Animals have received testosterone undecanoate on days 14, 15, 16 and 19, 20, 21 of gestation. Learning and memory tests were started 100 days after the testosterone treatment. At the end of the experiments, the temporal and frontal lobes of brain were removed for assessing the level of soluble proteins. Testosterone treatment significantly improved spontaneous alternations percentage of male offspring in Y-maze task comparative with female offspring and reference memory in radial 8 arm-maze task (decreasing in number of reference memory errors in both male and female offspring groups), suggesting effects of both short and long-term memory. Also, testosterone significantly increased the brain soluble protein level of treated female rats in 14–16 prenatal days compared with the control group as well as the brain soluble protein level of treated male rats. These results suggest that steroid hormones play an important role in the spatial learning and memory formation by means of protein synthesis in different lobes of the brain.

scholarly journals Programming of the reproductive axis by hormonal and genetic manipulation in mice

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana B Rulli ◽  
María Julia Cambiasso ◽  
Laura D Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Brain

In mammals, the reproductive function is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. During development, mechanisms mediated by gonadal steroids exert an imprinting at the hypothalamic-pituitary level, by establishing sexual differences in the circuits that control male and female reproduction. In rodents, the testicular production of androgens increases drastically during the fetal/neonatal stage. This process is essential for the masculinization of the reproductive tract, genitals and brain. The conversion of androgens to estrogens in the brain is crucial for the male sexual differentiation and behavior. Conversely, feminization of the brain occurs in the absence of high levels of gonadal steroids during the perinatal period in females. Potential genetic contribution to the differentiation of brain cells through direct effects of genes located on sex chromosomes is also relevant. In this review, we will focus on the phenotypic alterations that occur on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of transgenic mice with persistently elevated expression of the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG). Excess of endogenously synthesized gonadal steroids due to a constant hCG stimulation is able to disrupt the developmental programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in both transgenic males and females. Locally produced estrogens by the hypothalamic aromatase might play a key role in the phenotype of these mice. The “four core genotypes” mouse model demonstrated a potential influence of sex chromosome genes in brain masculinization before critical periods of sex differentiation. Thus, hormonal and genetic factors interact to regulate the local production of the neurosteroids necessary for the programming of the male and female reproductive function.

Central distribution of kiss2 neurons and peri-pubertal changes in their expression in the brain of male and female red seabream Pagrus major

2012 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Shimizu ◽  
Junko Tomikawa ◽  
Keisuke Hirano ◽  
Yoko Nanikawa ◽  
Yasuhisa Akazome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pagrus Major ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Red Seabream ◽  
The Brain

Drug metabolizing enzymes in the brain and cerebral microvessels

1991 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Minn ◽  
Jean-François Ghersi-Egea ◽  
Rachel Perrin ◽  
Brigitte Leininger ◽  
Gérard Siest
Keyword(s):  
Drug Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Cerebral Microvessels ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Involvement of NMDA receptors containing the GluN2C subunit in the psychotomimetic and antidepressant-like effects of ketamine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Tarrés-Gatius ◽  
Lluís Miquel-Rio ◽  
Leticia Campa ◽  
Francesc Artigas ◽  
Anna Castañé
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Cortical Networks ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAcute ketamine administration evokes rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant patients. However, ketamine also produces transient perceptual disturbances similarly to those evoked by other non-competitive NMDA-R antagonists like phencyclidine (PCP). Although the brain networks involved in both ketamine actions are not fully understood, PCP and ketamine activate thalamo-cortical networks after NMDA-R blockade in GABAergic neurons of the reticular thalamic nucleus (RtN). Given the involvement of thalamo-cortical networks in processing sensory information, these networks may underlie psychotomimetic action. Since the GluN2C subunit is densely expressed in the thalamus, including the RtN, we examined the dependence of psychotomimetic and antidepressant-like actions of ketamine on the presence of GluN2C subunits, using wild-type and GluN2C knockout (GluN2CKO) mice. Likewise, since few studies have investigated ketamine’s effects in females, we used mice of both sexes. GluN2C deletion dramatically reduced stereotyped (circling) behavior induced by ketamine in male and female mice, while the antidepressant-like effect was fully preserved in both genotypes and sexes. Despite ketamine appeared to induce similar effects in both sexes, some neurobiological differences were observed between male and female mice regarding c-fos expression in thalamic nuclei and cerebellum, and glutamate surge in prefrontal cortex. In conclusion, the GluN2C subunit may discriminate between antidepressant-like and psychotomimetic actions of ketamine. Further, the abundant presence of GluN2C subunits in the cerebellum and the improved motor coordination of GluN2CKO mice after ketamine treatment suggest the involvement of cerebellar NMDA-Rs in some behavioral actions of ketamine.

Song behavior, NGF level and NPY distribution in the brain of adult male zebra finches

1999 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Fiore ◽  
Nicky S Clayton ◽  
Luana Pistillo ◽  
Francesco Angelucci ◽  
Enrico Alleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
The Brain
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