scholarly journals Using the Implicit Association Test to Assess Risk Propensity Self–Concept: Analysis of Its Predictive Validity on A Risk–Taking Behaviour in A Natural Setting

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Horcajo ◽  
Víctor J. Rubio ◽  
David Aguado ◽  
José Manuel Hernández ◽  
M. Oliva Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Indirect Measures

The present work analyses the predictive validity of measures provided by several available self–report and indirect measurement instruments to assess risk propensity (RP) and proposes a measurement instrument using the Implicit Association Test: the IAT of Risk Propensity Self–Concept (IAT–RPSC), an adaptation of the prior IAT–RP of Dislich et al. Study 1 analysed the relationship between IAT–RPSC scores and several RP self–report measures. Participants’ risk–taking behaviour in a natural setting was also assessed, analyzing the predictive validity of the IAT–RPSC scores on risk–taking behaviour compared with the self–report measures. Study 2 analysed the predictive validity of the IAT–RPSC scores in comparison with other indirect measures. Results of these studies showed that the IAT–RPSC scores exhibited good reliability and were positively correlated to several self–report and indirect measures, providing evidence for convergent validity. Most importantly, the IAT–RPSC scores predicted risk–taking behaviour in a natural setting with real consequences above and beyond all other self–report and indirect measures analysed. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology

Let their Fingers do the Talking? Using the Implicit Association Test in Market Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiden P. Gregg ◽  
James Klymowsky ◽  
Dominic Owens ◽  
Alex Perryman
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Indirect Measures

Self-report methodologies - such as surveys and interviews - elicit responses that are vulnerable to a number of standard biases. These biases include social desirability, self-deception and a lack of self-insight. However, indirect measures, such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT), offer a potential means of bypassing such biases. Here, we evaluate the scope for using the IAT in market research, drawing on recent empirical findings. We conclude that the IAT meets several desirable criteria: it yields consistent results, possesses predictive power, offers unique advantages, is relevant to commercial issues and poses no insuperable challenges to adoption.

Does design matter? On the predictive validity of a block vs. a single-block designed Implicit Association Test (IAT)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Fleischhauer ◽  
Soren Enge ◽  
Kathrin Rosenzweig ◽  
Alexander Strobel ◽  
Anja Strobel
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Single Block

Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity.

2009 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Greenwald ◽  
T. Andrew Poehlman ◽  
Eric Luis Uhlmann ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association

On the Role of the Implicit Self-Concept in Adult Attachment

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Dewitte ◽  
Jan De Houwer ◽  
Ann Buysse
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Relational Self ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Attachment Research

We report a study that was designed to investigate attachment-related differences in the implicit self-concept and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in the context of attachment research. Two variants of the IAT were used to assess implicit relational self-esteem and relational anxiety after stress induction. Results showed that both the relational self-esteem and relational anxiety IAT (1) were meaningfully related to individual differences in attachment style and (2) predicted cognitive and affective reactions to attachment-related distress in addition to and beyond self-report measures of attachment. The results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the IAT as an index of the implicit attachment self-concept.

Can the Implicit Association Test Serve as a Valid Measure of Automatic Cognition? A Response to Schimmack (2020)

2020 ◽  
pp. 174569162090408
Author(s):  
Benedek Kurdi ◽  
Kate A. Ratliff ◽  
William A. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Valid Measure ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Strength Of Association

Much of human thought, feeling, and behavior unfolds automatically. Indirect measures of cognition capture such processes by observing responding under corresponding conditions (e.g., lack of intention or control). The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is one such measure. The IAT indexes the strength of association between categories such as “planes” and “trains” and attributes such as “fast” and “slow” by comparing response latencies across two sorting tasks (planes–fast/trains–slow vs. trains–fast/planes–slow). Relying on a reanalysis of multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) studies, Schimmack (this issue) argues that the IAT and direct measures of cognition, for example, Likert scales, can serve as indicators of the same latent construct, thereby purportedly undermining the validity of the IAT as a measure of individual differences in automatic cognition. Here we note the compatibility of Schimmack’s empirical findings with a range of existing theoretical perspectives and the importance of considering evidence beyond MTMM approaches to establishing construct validity. Depending on the nature of the study, different standards of validity may apply to each use of the IAT; however, the evidence presented by Schimmack is easily reconcilable with the potential of the IAT to serve as a valid measure of automatic processes in human cognition, including in individual-difference contexts.

Assessing Anxiety with Extrinsic Simon Tasks

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan C. Schmukle ◽  
Boris Egloff
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Indirect Assessment ◽  
Indirect Measures

This article introduces two new indirect measures of anxiety that are based on the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST; De Houwer, 2003 ). The EAST differs from the more established Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ) in that participants' responses to different trials within one block of trials are compared rather than performance between two different blocks of trials. Two studies led to the following results: (a) Both extrinsic Simon tasks for assessing anxiety showed only moderate internal consistencies, (b) one of the two tasks showed at least some convergent validity with an IAT for assessing anxiety, and (c) both tasks were dissociated from self-reported anxiety. Implications for future adaptations of the EAST for the indirect assessment of personality dimensions are discussed.

scholarly journals Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: 1. An Improved Scoring Algorithm

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Greenwald ◽  
Brian A. Nosek ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Conventional Procedure ◽  
Latency Variability ◽  
Practice Trials

In reporting Implicit Association Test (IAT) results, researchers have most often used scoring conventions described in the first publication of the IAT (A. G. Greenwald, D. E. McGhee, & J. L. K. Schwartz, 1998). Demonstration IATs available on the Internet have produced large data sets that were used here to evaluate alternative scoring procedures. Candidate new algorithms were examined in terms of their (a) correlations with parallel self- report measures, (b) resistance to an artifact associated with speed of responding, (c) internal consistency, (d) sensitivity to known influences on IAT measures, and (e) resistance to known procedural influences. The best-performing measure incorporates data from the IAT’s practice trials, uses a metric that is calibrated by each respondent’s latency variability, and includes a latency penalty for errors. This new algorithm strongly outperforms the earlier (conventional) procedure.

scholarly journals Measure What You are Trying to Predict: Applying the Correspondence Principle to the Implicit Association Test

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis H. Irving ◽  
Colin Smith
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Correspondence Principle ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Total N ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Explicit Measures

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is nearly synonymous with the implicit attitude construct. At the same time, correlations between the IAT and criterion measures are often remarkably low. Developed within research using explicit measures of attitudes, the correspondence principle posits that measures should better predict criteria when there is a match in terms of the level of generality or specificity at which both are conceptualized (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1977). As such, weak implicit-criterion correlations are to be expected when broad general implicit measures are used to predict highly specific criteria. Research using explicit measures of attitudes consistently supports the correspondence principle, but conceptual correspondence is rarely considered by researchers using implicit measures to predict behavior and other relevant criterion measures. In five experiments (total N = 4650), we provide the first direct evidence demonstrating the relevance of the correspondence principle to the predictive validity of the IAT and Single Target IAT. That said, it is not the case that the IAT always predicts criteria better when correspondence is high. Inconsistency across the pattern of results suggests there is much more that remains to be understood about the relevance of the correspondence principle to the implicit-criterion relationship. Taken together, however, our findings suggest that conceptual correspondence typically increases (and never decreases) the magnitude of implicit-behavior and implicit-explicit relationships. We provide a framework for future research necessary to establish when correspondence is more likely to increase the predictive validity of measures such as the IAT.

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