Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on breathing variability in early preterm lung disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Zannin ◽  
Chiara Veneroni ◽  
Raffaele L. Dellacà ◽  
Roberta Corbetta ◽  
Bela Suki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Breathing Variability

scholarly journals Development of bullous lung disease in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e237455
Author(s):  
Samuel Berhane ◽  
Adam Tabor ◽  
Ajay Sahu ◽  
Anand Singh
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
The Right ◽  
Safety Netting

A 60-year-old man presented with sudden onset right-sided chest pain and gradually worsening shortness of breath on exertion. Eleven days earlier, he had an admission with COVID-19 pneumonitis requiring 8 days of continuous positive airway pressure. He was tachypnoeic with a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min, oxygen saturations on room air of 91%. Examination revealed reduced air entry and a resonant percussion note over the right hemithorax. Chest radiograph suggested a complex right pneumothorax; however, a CT chest was notable for widespread right-sided bullous lung disease. After a day of observation on a COVID-19 ward (and a repeat radiograph with a stable appearance), he was discharged with a 2-week follow-up with the respiratory team, safety netting advice and ambulatory oxygen. This case suggests that bullous lung disease may be a complication of severe COVID-19 pneumonitis.

scholarly journals Influence of nasal CPAP on cardiorespiratory control in healthy neonate

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 1370-1385
Author(s):  
Sally Al-Omar ◽  
Virginie Le Rolle ◽  
Patrick Pladys ◽  
Nathalie Samson ◽  
Alfredo Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Signal Processing ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Efferent Activity ◽  
Respiratory Rate Variability

The present study aimed to further unravel the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in the neonatal period. Six-hour polysomnographic recordings were first performed in seven healthy newborn lambs, aged 2–3 days, without and with nCPAP application at 6 cmH2O (nCPAP-6), in randomized order. The effects of nCPAP-6 on heart rate variability, respiratory rate variability, and cardiorespiratory interrelations were analyzed using a semiautomatic signal processing approach applied to ECG and respiration recordings. Thereafter, a cardiorespiratory mathematical model was adapted to the experimental conditions to gain further physiological interpretation and to simulate higher nCPAP levels (8 and 10 cmH2O). Results from the signal processing approach suggest that nCPAP-6 applied in newborns with healthy lungs: 1) increases heart rate and decreases the time and frequency domain indices of heart rate variability, especially those representing parasympathetic activity, while increasing the complexity of the RR-interval time series; 2) prolongs the respiratory cycle and expiration duration and decreases respiratory rate variability; and 3) slightly impairs cardiorespiratory interrelations. Model-based analysis revealed that nCPAP-6 increases the heart rate and decreases respiratory sinus arrhythmia amplitude, in association with a reduced parasympathetic efferent activity. These results were accentuated when simulating an increased CPAP level. Overall, our results provide a further understanding of the effects of nCPAP in neonates, in the absence of lung disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Application of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) at 6 cmH2O, a level very frequently used in newborns, alters heart and respiratory rate variability, as well as cardiorespiratory interrelations in a full-term newborn model without lung disease. Moreover, whereas nasal CPAP at 6 cmH2O decreases parasympathetic efferent activity, there is no change in sympathetic efferent activity.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy for the Treatment of Hypernasality: A Single Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Kollara ◽  
Graham Schenck ◽  
Jamie Perry
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Cpap Therapy ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Studies have investigated the applications of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy in the treatment of hypernasality due to velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD; Cahill et al., 2004; Kuehn, 1991; Kuehn, Moon, & Folkins, 1993; Kuehn et al., 2002). The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of CPAP therapy to reduce hypernasality in a female subject, post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) and pharyngeal flap, who presented with signs of VPD including persistent hypernasality. Improvements in mean velopharyngeal orifice size, subjective perception of hypernasality, and overall intelligibility were observed from the baseline to 8-week post-treatment assessment intervals. Additional long-term assessments completed at 2, 3, and 4 months post-treatment indicated decreases in immediate post-treatment improvements. Results from the present study suggest that CPAP is a safe, non-invasive, and relatively conservative treatment method for reduction of hypernasality in selected patients with TBI. More stringent long-term follow up may indicate the need for repeated CPAP treatment to maintain results.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document