A new correlation for hazardous area classification based on experiments and CFD predictions

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey O. Souza ◽  
Aurelio M. Luiz ◽  
Antonio T. P. Neto ◽  
Antonio C. B. Araujo ◽  
Heleno B. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Correlation ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
Area Classification

CFD predictions for hazardous area classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Aurélio Moreira Luiz ◽  
Antônio Tavernard Pereira Neto ◽  
Antônio Carlos Brandao de Araujo ◽  
Heleno Bispo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Area ◽  
Area Classification

scholarly journals The application of CFD software in the explosive hazardous area classification

2018 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 00053
Author(s):  
Andrzej Krauze
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Transport Equations ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
Area Classification ◽  
Control Volumes

This article is devoted to the practical application of CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics software, as a tool helpful in the explosive hazardous area classification. The practical examples will be discussed, which show that use of computer software for the simulation of gas emissions or the simulation of vapors of flammable liquids, allows not only visualization, but also improvement the quality of following conclusions received during the explosive hazardous area classification. The Computational Fluid Dynamics is a branch of physics which deals with solving transport equations for given boundary conditions using numerical methods. The solution is found by dividing the analyzed space into a specified number of small control volumes (cells). At the same time, time period is divided into short steps. Then, for each of the cells at each time step, the transport equations are converted into the system of linear equations. Such systems are solved using appropriate numerical algorithms.

scholarly journals 3D Modeling of Transformer Substation Based on Mapping and 2D Images

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Sun ◽  
Xuesong Suo ◽  
Yifan Liu ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Lijuan Han
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Mapping Data ◽  
Transformer Substation ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
3D Databases ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Area Classification ◽  
2D Images

A new method for building 3D models of transformer substation based on mapping and 2D images is proposed in this paper. This method segments objects of equipment in 2D images by usingk-means algorithm in determining the cluster centers dynamically to segment different shapes and then extracts feature parameters from the divided objects by using FFT and retrieves the similar objects from 3D databases and then builds 3D models by computing the mapping data. The method proposed in this paper can avoid the complex data collection and big workload by using 3D laser scanner. The example analysis shows the method can build coarse 3D models efficiently which can meet the requirements for hazardous area classification and constructions representations of transformer substation.

Flammable Mixture Analysis for Hazardous Area Classification

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1827-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Bozek ◽  
Vince Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Analysis ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
Area Classification

scholarly journals Risk assessment of workers’ exposure to BTEX and hazardous area classification at gasoline stations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249913
Author(s):  
Sunisa Chaiklieng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
Flammable Gas ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Area Classification

Vaporization of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds pollutes the air and causes health hazards at gasoline stations. This study revealed the risk of BTEX exposure according to the hazardous area classification at gasoline stations. The risk assessment of gasoline workers from a representative group of 47 stations, which followed the United States Environmental Protection Agency-IRIS method of assessing BTEX exposure, was expressed as the hazard index (HI). A result of matrix multipliers of the hazardous exposure index and fire possibility from flammable gas classified hazardous area-I and area-II at the fuel dispensers. BTEX concentrations were actively sampled in ambient air and a flammable gas detector was used to measure the flammability level. Results showed that the BTEX concentrations from ambient air monitoring were in the range of 0.1–136.9, 8.1–406.0, 0.8–24.1 and 0.4–105.5 ppb for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, respectively, which exceeded the NIOSH exposure limit of 100 ppb of benzene concentration. The risk assessment indicated that five stations reached an unacceptable risk of worker exposure to BTEX (HI>1), which correlated with the numbers of gasoline dispensers and daily gasoline sold. The risk matrix classified hazardous area-I at 4 meters and hazardous area-II at 4–8 meters in radius around the fuel dispensers. This study revealed the hazardous areas at gasoline stations and suggests that entrepreneurs must strictly control the safety operation practice of workers, install vapor recovery systems on dispenser nozzles to control BTEX vaporization and keep the hazardous areas clear of fire ignition sources within an eight-meter radius of the dispensers.

On the non-monotonic wind influence on flammable gas cloud from CFD simulations for hazardous area classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 104278
Author(s):  
Paloma L. Barros ◽  
Aurélio M. Luiz ◽  
Claudemi A. Nascimento ◽  
Antônio T.P. Neto ◽  
José J.N. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
Flammable Gas ◽  
Wind Influence ◽  
Area Classification ◽  
Gas Cloud ◽  
Flammable Gas Cloud
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