Alterations in honey bee gut microorganisms caused byNosemaspp. and pest control methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsiri Diaz ◽  
Ek del-Val ◽  
Ricardo Ayala ◽  
John Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Gut Microorganisms ◽  
Pest Control Methods

In vitro test systems supporting the development of improved pest control methods: a case study with chemical mixtures and bivalve biofoulers

Biofouling ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1195-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Silva ◽  
Bruno Nunes ◽  
António JA Nogueira ◽  
Fernando Gonçalves ◽  
Joana L. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Chemical Mixtures ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Pest Control Methods

scholarly journals Agricultural pest control programmes, food security and safety

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (53) ◽  
pp. 6582-6592
Author(s):  
SC Eze ◽  
◽  
BC Echezona
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Pest Control Methods

Agricultural pest management control strategies are primarily concerned with food security and safety. Popular pest control methods include application of synthetic pesticides, biopesticides (plant extracts), non-chemical pest management and integrated pest management (IPM). The resistance of some of the pests to the chemical pesticides, coupled with potential health hazards on the environment gave birth to a search for botanicals as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Botanicals as biopesticides were, though effective but their shelf lives and specific actions on the target organisms have not been determined. Non-chemical pest control methods involve common cultural practices which include crop rotation, tillage, and varying time of planting or harvesting, trap cropping which appear to be the best in terms of food safety and quality but the ability of this approach to reduce pest population may be minimal. Because no single pest control method can guarantee food security and safety, integrated pest management (IPM) approach appears to hold promise. The IPM is an ecologically based approach that combines all the available pest control methods to manage pest damage by the most economical means, with the fewest possible hazards to life, property and environment. However, this review shows that the impact of integrated pest management in the rural farm communities is low. In an era of growing consumer awareness and sophistication, food quality is being emphasized. Food safety means that the agro-products should be free from pesticide residues:- therefore, aspects of farm management such as sources of seeds and seedlings, pests and weed elimination, pesticide application dates, dates and amount of fertilization, harvesting or post harvest treatments and basic information regarding the individual farmer or marketing agents activities should be certified before consuming agricultural products. Federal governments especially in developing countries are advised to mount regulating Agencies that will be responsible for a number of activities that contribute to food security and safety, water quality and pesticide applicator training as practiced in the United States of America, India and Indonesia. The agencies will ensure that the public is protected from potential health risks posed by pesticide treated foods.

scholarly journals Disruption of insect immunity using analogs of the pleiotropic insect peptide hormone Neb-colloostatin: a nanotech approach for pest control II

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patryk Nowicki ◽  
Mariola Kuczer ◽  
Grzegorz Schroeder ◽  
Elżbieta Czarniewska
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Insect Immunity ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Tissue Selectivity ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Pest Control Methods

AbstractThis work continues our studies on the pleiotropic activity of the insect peptide Neb-colloostatin in insects. In vivo immunological bioassays demonstrated that hemocytotoxic analogs of Neb-colloostatin injected into Tenebrio molitor significantly reduced the number of hemocytes in the hemolymph and impaired phagocytosis, nodulation and phenoloxidase activities in the insects. Among the analogs tested, [Ala1]-,[Val1]-, [Hyp4]- and [Ach4]-colloostatin were particularly potent in disrupting cellular immunity in larvae, pupae and adult insects. This result suggests that the most effective analogs showed increases in the bioactivity period in the hemolymph of insects when compared to Neb-colloostatin. Recently, we demonstrated that it is possible to introduce Neb-colloostatin through the cuticle of an insect into the hemolymph when the peptide is coupled with nanodiamonds. In this study, we showed that [Ala1]-, [Val1]-, [Hyp4]- and [Ach4]-colloostatin, when complexed with nanodiamonds, may also pass through the cuticle into the hemolymph and induce long-term impairments of immunity in T. molitor at all developmental stages. Studies on the tissue selectivity and effectiveness of Neb-colloostatin analogs and efficient methods for their introduction into insects may contribute to the development of eco-friendly pest control methods based on bioactive peptidomimetics.

scholarly journals Detect caterpillar, grasshopper, aphid and simulation program for neutralizing them by laser

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildar Rakhmatulin
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Laser Device ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Transmission Data ◽  
Pest Detection ◽  
Pest Control Methods

Abstract The protection of crops from pests is relevant for any cultivated crop. But modern methods of pest control by pesticides carry many dangers for humans. Therefore, research into the development of safe and effective pest control methods is promising. This manuscript presents a new method of pest control. We used neural networks for pest detection and developed a powerful laser device (5 W) for their neutralization. In the manuscript methods of processing images with pests to extract the most useful feature are described in detail. Using the following pets as an example: aphids, grasshopper, cabbage caterpillar, we analyzed various neural network models and selected the optimal models and characteristics for each insect. In the paper the principle of operation of the developed laser device is described in detail. We created the program to search a pest in the video stream calculation of their coordinates and transmission data with coordinates to the device with the laser.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Traditional and Modernized Pest Control Methods Used by Smallholder Farmers in Malawi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 06-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Mkandawire
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Farm Produce ◽  
Pest Control Methods

In order to compare the environmental performance of the existing pest control methods used by Malawian smallholder farmers a study was conducted to assess the environmental performance of two pest control methods used in cultivation of tomatoes (traditional pest control method vs. modernized pest control method). The study was conducted in two gardens, a farm using traditional pest control methods (Tikondwe Freedom Gardens) and another farm using modernized pest control techniques (Mgwirizano Farm Produce Club). The soil and tomato samples were analyzed, by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. The results revealed the presence of pesticide residues at various concentration levels both in the soil and tomato samples. The concentrations of pesticide residues regarding the Mgwirizano Farm Produce Club Gardens were; for tomatoes, Dimethoate (1.2 - 3 ppm), L-Cyhalothrin, (0.2-3 ppm) Cypermethrin (< 0.03 ppm) Mancozeb (2-4 ppm) Chlorothalonil (0.02- 3ppm) while for soil samples, Dimethoate (<0.01 ppm), L-Cyhalothrin (<0.01ppm), Cypermethrin (<0.01ppm), Mancozeb (0.3- 1ppm) and Chlorothalonil (0.02- 2ppm). For comparison purposes tomato and soil samples collected from the field that uses traditional pest control methods (Tikondwe freedom farm) were also analyzed for pesticides residues and had the following outcome, the tomatoes had Dimethoate (< 0.01 ppm), L-Cyhalothrin, (0.01 ppm) Cypermethrin (< 0.01 ppm) Mancozeb (<0.01ppm) Chlorothalonil (<0.01 ppm) while the soil samples had concentrations of Dimethoate (0.03 ppm), L-Cyhalothrin (<0.01ppm), Cypermethrin (0.02ppm), Mancozeb (0.01ppm) and Chlorothalonil (0.01ppm). Furthermore, the study collected more information on health effects of pest management methodologies through Interviews with farmers, farm workers and health practitioners in rural areas where horticultural crops such as tomatoes are mostly cultivated using farm inputs, particularly pesticides.

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