Cross and multiple herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass ( Poa annua ) populations from eastern Texas golf courses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Fabricia C Reis ◽  
Casey Reynolds ◽  
Matthew Elmore ◽  
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Multiple Herbicide Resistance

Incidence of multiple herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass (Poa annua) across southeastern Australia

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
Rajesh Barua ◽  
Peter Boutsalis ◽  
Jenna Malone ◽  
Gurjeet Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

AbstractAnnual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic annual weed in established turf where the intensive use of herbicides has resulted in the evolution of herbicide resistance. In 2017, 31 populations of P. annua suspected to be resistant to herbicides commonly used to control this weed in turf were collected from golf courses across southeastern Australia to check the resistance status to different herbicide groups. All populations were found to be resistant to multiple turf herbicides. Dose–response experiments confirmed resistance to propyzamide, simazine, rimsulfuron, foramsulfuron, endothall, and pinoxaden. Levels of resistance to rimsulfuron (>56-fold), foramsulfuron (>19-fold), endothall (>7-fold), and pinoxaden (>4.3-fold) compared with the susceptible population were high, but levels of resistance to propyzamide (>2-fold) and simazine (>2-fold) were lower. Considerable variation in resistance to endothall and pinoxaden was observed among the populations of P. annua. Target-site resistance was confirmed for acetolactate synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, but not for photosystem II and microtubule assembly inhibitors. This study documented the extensive resistance to herbicides in P. annua from turf in Australia. Three of the populations investigated exhibited multiple resistance to herbicides from five mechanisms of action. The identification of multiple-resistant P. annua on several golf courses is a serious concern for turf managers.

scholarly journals Herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass on Tennessee golf courses

cftm ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Jose J. Vargas ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden ◽  
John M. Zobel
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

A Biotype of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Tennessee Is Resistant to Inhibitors of ALS and Photosystem II

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden ◽  
Jose J. Vargas ◽  
Logan Grier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Whole Plant

Annual bluegrass resistance to inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS) and photosystem II (PSII) in managed turf has been confirmed in the southeastern United States. A biotype of annual bluegrass that had developed resistance (R) to the PSII inhibitor simazine was not controlled by POST applications of foramsulfuron or trifloxysulfuron in 2011 or 2012. In whole plant dose-response experiments, trifloxysulfuron, simazine, and indaziflam controlled a susceptible (S) population of annual bluegrass > 91% when applied POST to nontillering plants. However, trifloxysulfuron applications at 3.5 to 223 g ai ha−1only controlled R annual bluegrass ≤ 40%. Similarly, simazine at 140 to 9,000 g ai ha−1only controlled R annual bluegrass ≤ 20%. R annual bluegrass plants were more tolerant to indaziflam applied POST to leaf stage plants prior to tillering, as rates > 100 g ai ha−1were needed to control R annual bluegrass ≥ 96%. No differences in the activity of ALS in R and S plants exposed to increasing foramsulfuron concentrations from 0 to 100 µM were detected suggesting that nontarget mechanisms could explain reduced efficacy of POST herbicide applications in whole plant dose-response experiments. Applications of indaziflam (35 to 70 g ha−1) and oxadiazon (2,240 to 4,500 g ai ha−1) effectively controlled R annual bluegrass when applied PRE. This biotype of R annual bluegrass is the first reported instance of a weed developing resistance to multiple modes of action in managed turf. Education is needed among turf managers regarding the consequences of exclusive use of the same herbicides for annual bluegrass control leading to the onset of herbicide resistance.

Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Resistance to Simazine in Mississippi

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 846-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Hutto ◽  
G. E. Coats ◽  
J. M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Research was conducted in winter of 2000 and spring of 2001 to determine the extent of simazine-resistant annual bluegrass in Mississippi. Samples of annual bluegrass seed or mature plants were collected from 71 locations across the state and grown in the greenhouse. Four weeks after treatment with 22.4 kg ai/ha simazine (10× rate), samples from 31 of 71 locations (30 golf courses and one nongolf course) evaluated in the greenhouse had simazine-resistant annual bluegrass plants. Thus, 43% of the golf courses tested in the greenhouse had triazine-resistant annual bluegrass present. When natural field populations were treated with an equivalent simazine rate, simazine-resistant annual bluegrass plants were observed in 90% of the sites found to be resistant in the greenhouse screen.

Inheritance of Flowering Pattern among Four Annual Bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) Genotypes

Crop Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Johnson ◽  
Donald B. White
Keyword(s):  
Poa Annua ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry W. Mitich
Keyword(s):  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

The grasses or Poaceae (Gramineae) comprise some 9,000 species grouped into about 650 taxa. Although not the largest, the family is ecologically the most dominant and economically the most important in the world (Heywood 1993).

Control ofPoa annuaby Suppression of Seedheads with Growth Regulators

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Watschke ◽  
F. W. Long ◽  
J. M. Duich
Keyword(s):  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Fertile Pollen ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the degree to which annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) could be controlled by inhibiting seedheads. The materials used were: MH (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione); chlorflurenol (methyl 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate), plus methyl 9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate, and methyl 2,7-dichloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate; and endothall [7-oxabicyclo (2.2.1) heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid]. The effects of these materials on pollen quality and the viability of seed produced by treated plants were also determined. For all chemicals used, multiple applications at low rates resulted in better seedhead inhibition than single treatments at higher rates and their effects lasted longer. However, treatments that inhibited seedheads by an amount predicted to reduce annual bluegrass (more than 75%) often caused objectionable foliar discoloration. Endothall, particularly the granular formulation, caused excessive injury at all rates. All growth regulators reduced the number of seed produced, which affected the number of seeds that germinated from soil that was taken from treated plots. The number of seed found in the soil was sufficient to allow the stand to be self-perpetuating. All treatments reduced the percentage of fertile pollen, however, this reduction was not significant because the germination of seed harvested from treated plants was not reduced significantly. Even though these treatments reduced seedheads significantly, the population of annual bluegrass the following year was not reduced.

Herbicides for Container Grown Nursery Stock

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Poa Annua ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Common Groundsel

Over a 3-yr period 10 herbicides were tested alone or in combination for control of weeds and for effects on growth of nursery stock in containers. Annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) was controlled by norea [3-(hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylurea], alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], and combinations of diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamid), trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), and nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline] plus simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine]. Bittercress (Cardamine oligospermaNutt.) was controlled by simazine, oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one], and norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone]. Mouseear chickweed (Cerastium vulgatumL.) was controlled by dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) and norflurazon, and common groundsel (Senecio vulgarisL.) was controlled by dichlobenil and norflurazon. Some of the treatments decreased growth of certain nursery cultivars.

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