A Biotype of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Tennessee Is Resistant to Inhibitors of ALS and Photosystem II

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden ◽  
Jose J. Vargas ◽  
Logan Grier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Whole Plant

Annual bluegrass resistance to inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS) and photosystem II (PSII) in managed turf has been confirmed in the southeastern United States. A biotype of annual bluegrass that had developed resistance (R) to the PSII inhibitor simazine was not controlled by POST applications of foramsulfuron or trifloxysulfuron in 2011 or 2012. In whole plant dose-response experiments, trifloxysulfuron, simazine, and indaziflam controlled a susceptible (S) population of annual bluegrass > 91% when applied POST to nontillering plants. However, trifloxysulfuron applications at 3.5 to 223 g ai ha−1only controlled R annual bluegrass ≤ 40%. Similarly, simazine at 140 to 9,000 g ai ha−1only controlled R annual bluegrass ≤ 20%. R annual bluegrass plants were more tolerant to indaziflam applied POST to leaf stage plants prior to tillering, as rates > 100 g ai ha−1were needed to control R annual bluegrass ≥ 96%. No differences in the activity of ALS in R and S plants exposed to increasing foramsulfuron concentrations from 0 to 100 µM were detected suggesting that nontarget mechanisms could explain reduced efficacy of POST herbicide applications in whole plant dose-response experiments. Applications of indaziflam (35 to 70 g ha−1) and oxadiazon (2,240 to 4,500 g ai ha−1) effectively controlled R annual bluegrass when applied PRE. This biotype of R annual bluegrass is the first reported instance of a weed developing resistance to multiple modes of action in managed turf. Education is needed among turf managers regarding the consequences of exclusive use of the same herbicides for annual bluegrass control leading to the onset of herbicide resistance.

Glyphosate-Resistant Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in Nebraska: Confirmation and Response to Postemergence Corn and Soybean Herbicides

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahoor A. Ganie ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
And Control ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Common ragweed is an important broadleaf weed in agronomic crops in the northcentral United States. A common ragweed biotype in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean production field in southeast Nebraska was not controlled after sequential applications of glyphosate at the labeled rate. The objectives of this study were to confirm GR common ragweed in Nebraska by quantifying the level of resistance in greenhouse and field whole-plant dose-response studies and to evaluate the response of the putative GR common ragweed to POST corn and soybean herbicides. Greenhouse whole-plant dose-response studies confirmed 7- and 19-fold resistance to glyphosate compared to the known glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype based on biomass reduction and control estimates, respectively. Field dose-response studies conducted in 2015 and 2016 at the putative GR common ragweed research site suggested that glyphosate doses equivalent to 15- and 40-times the labeled rate (1,260 gaeha–1) were required for 90% control and biomass reduction, respectively. Response of GR common ragweed to POST soybean herbicides in greenhouse studies indicated ≥89% control with acifluorfen, fomesafen, fomesafen plus glyphosate, glyphosate plus dicamba or 2,4-D choline, glufosinate, imazamox plus acifluorfen, and lactofen. POST corn herbicides, including 2,4-D, bromoxynil, diflufenzopyr plus dicamba, glufosinate, halosulfuron-methyl plus dicamba, mesotrione plus atrazine, and tembotrione provided ≥87% control, indicating that POST herbicides with distinct modes of action are available in corn and soybean for effective control of GR common ragweed. Results also suggested a reduced efficacy of the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides tested in this study for control of GR and GS biotypes, indicating further research is needed to determine whether this biotype has evolved multiple herbicide resistance.

scholarly journals Multiple-and Cross-Resistance of Amaranthus retroflexus to Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) and Photosystem II (PSII) Inhibiting Herbicides in Preemergence

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. FRANCISCHINI ◽  
J. CONSTANTIN ◽  
R.S. OLIVEIRA JR ◽  
H.K. TAKANO ◽  
R.R. MENDES
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Als Inhibitors

ABSTRACT: Herbicide resistance in Amaranthus genus occurs frequently around the word and has become a big problem in cotton producing areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate cross-and multiple-resistance of redroot pigweed (A. retroflexus) to herbicides used in preemergence in cotton fields in Brazil. Seven dose-response experiments were conducted with herbicides atrazine, prometryn, diuron, S-metolachlor, trifluralin, trifloxysulfuron-sodium and pyrithiobac-sodium, and the treatments consisted of application rates of 0, ¼, ½, 1, 2 and 4 times the recommended label rate. Eight A. retroflexus byotipes with suspect of resistance were sampled for experiments in three brazilian states of cotton producing. Resistance to prometryn was confirmed for one biotype in Goiás (GO), and one biotype from Mato Grosso (MT) showed cross-resistance to atrazine and prometryn. One byotipe from GO was identified with cross-resistance to trifloxysulfuron-sodium and pyrithiobac-sodium. One of the GO samples was identified with multiple resistance to prometryn and ALS inhibitors, another one to atrazine and ALS inhibitors, while MT byotipe was confirmed with multiple resistance to triazines and pyrithiobac. The herbicides S-metolachlor, diuron, and trifluralin were efficient for control of this species, therefore, they can be used as managment alternative in those regions.

Incidence of multiple herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass (Poa annua) across southeastern Australia

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
Rajesh Barua ◽  
Peter Boutsalis ◽  
Jenna Malone ◽  
Gurjeet Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

AbstractAnnual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic annual weed in established turf where the intensive use of herbicides has resulted in the evolution of herbicide resistance. In 2017, 31 populations of P. annua suspected to be resistant to herbicides commonly used to control this weed in turf were collected from golf courses across southeastern Australia to check the resistance status to different herbicide groups. All populations were found to be resistant to multiple turf herbicides. Dose–response experiments confirmed resistance to propyzamide, simazine, rimsulfuron, foramsulfuron, endothall, and pinoxaden. Levels of resistance to rimsulfuron (>56-fold), foramsulfuron (>19-fold), endothall (>7-fold), and pinoxaden (>4.3-fold) compared with the susceptible population were high, but levels of resistance to propyzamide (>2-fold) and simazine (>2-fold) were lower. Considerable variation in resistance to endothall and pinoxaden was observed among the populations of P. annua. Target-site resistance was confirmed for acetolactate synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, but not for photosystem II and microtubule assembly inhibitors. This study documented the extensive resistance to herbicides in P. annua from turf in Australia. Three of the populations investigated exhibited multiple resistance to herbicides from five mechanisms of action. The identification of multiple-resistant P. annua on several golf courses is a serious concern for turf managers.

Cross and multiple herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass ( Poa annua ) populations from eastern Texas golf courses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Fabricia C Reis ◽  
Casey Reynolds ◽  
Matthew Elmore ◽  
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Multiple Herbicide Resistance

scholarly journals Quantifying herbicide dose–response and resistance in Echinochloa spp. by measuring root length in growth pouches

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1181-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Zhang ◽  
S. H. Lim ◽  
J. W. Kim ◽  
J. S. Song ◽  
M. J. Yook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Accurate Dose ◽  
Plant Assays ◽  
Als Inhibitors

Zhang, C. J., Lim, S. H., Kim, J. W., Song, J. S., Yook, M. J., Nah, G., Valverde, N. E. and Kim, D. S. 2015. Quantifying herbicide dose–response and resistance in Echinochloa spp. by measuring root length in growth pouches. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1181–1192. The aim of the presented study was to develop a bioassay for rapid diagnosis of herbicide dose–response and resistance in Echinochloa. Pre-germinated seeds of Echinochloa spp. were incubated in growth pouches (18 cm×16.5 cm) containing herbicide solutions in a range of concentrations. Shoot and root lengths were measured after 6 d of incubation. Dose–responses estimated by measuring root lengths in the growth pouches were well-described by the log-logistic dose–response model and similar to those estimated by a whole-plant assay. Accurate dose–response curves were successfully generated for several herbicides with different modes of action, suggesting that the growth pouch method can be used for herbicide bioassays. The suitability of the growth pouch method for rapid diagnosis of acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor resistance in Echinochloa spp. was also tested. For cyhalofop-butyl, resistant and susceptible biotypes were discriminated at 180–300 mg a.i. L−1 and 80–120 mg a.i. L−1 for barnyardgrass (E. crus-galli) and late watergrass (E. oryzicola), respectively. For penoxsulam, the discriminatory dosage was 350–500 mg a.i. L−1 for barnyardgrass and 650–1000 mg a.i. L−1 for late watergrass. The method was further used to identify late watergrass biotypes resistant and susceptible to two other ALS inhibitors, azimsulfuron and bispyribac-sodium. Our results show that the growth pouch method can be reliably used in herbicide dose–response studies and to diagnose herbicide resistance in Echinochloa spp., with significant time and cost savings compared with conventional whole-plant assays.

Imidazolinone-Resistant Wheat Acetolactate Synthase In Vivo Response to Imazamox

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis R. Rainbolt ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
Robert S. Zemetra ◽  
Dale L. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Wheat Lines

Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the utility of an in vivo acetolactate synthase (ALS) assay for comparing sensitivity to imazamox among imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars/lines. Ten single-gene imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat cultivars/lines, one two-gene and four single-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat cultivars/lines, and three pairs of heterozygous and homozygous imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat lines were evaluated in the assay experiments. Additionally, a dose-response assay was conducted to evaluate the tolerance of several imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars to imazamox on a whole plant level. The I50value (i.e., the imazamox dose that inhibited ALS activity by 50%) of the winter wheat cultivar ‘Above’ was 54 to 84% higher than the I50values of 99-420, 99-433, and CV-9804. However, based on the results of this study, it is unclear whether genetic background or market class (hard red winter vs. soft white winter) influences the level of ALS inhibition by imazamox. Teal 15A, the two-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat cultivar, had an I50value that was two to three times greater than the I50value of the single-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat cultivars/lines. The heterozygous imidazolinone-resistant wheat lines had I50values that were 69 to 81% less than the I50values of the homozygous lines. In the whole plant dose response, theR50values (i.e., the imazamox dose that reduced biomass by 50%) of the susceptible cultivars Brundage 96 and Conan were 15 to 17 times less than the homozygous single-gene imidazolinone-resistant winter and spring cultivars/lines, whoseR50values were about 1.7 times less than theR50value of the two-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat line, Teal 15A. The results of the in vivo ALS imazamox assays and the whole plant imazamox dose-response assay were similar, indicating that the in vivo assay can be used to accurately and quickly compare resistance between imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars/lines.

Mode of Resistance of Triazine-Resistant Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. Kelly ◽  
G. Euel Coats ◽  
Dawn S. Luthe
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
D1 Protein ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Triazine Herbicides ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Fold Level ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Field Plots

Two previously identified triazine-resistant annual bluegrass (Poa annua) biotypes in Mississippi were evaluated to determine the level as well as the mode of resistance compared to a triazine-susceptible biotype. Annual bluegrass seeds were collected at two sites (Meridian and Tupelo, MS) from field plots previously treated with 11.2 kg ai/ha simazine. Seeds were planted on agar containing simazine (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 mM) or diuron (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, or 1,000 μM), placed in the growth chamber with an 8 h daylength and alternating temperatures of 15 and 20 C, and allowed to grow for 3 wk, after which fresh weight was determined. Data were subjected to regression analyses and the amount of simazine or diuron required to reduce fresh weight to 50% of the untreated plants was determined. These data indicated a greater than 1,000-fold level of resistance to simazine with either biotype. Diuron concentrations of 5.0, 3.0, and 3.2 μM were required to reduce fresh weight to 50% of the untreated for the triazine-susceptible, Meridian, and Tupelo biotypes, respectively. Sequencing a portion of the chloroplastpsbAgene revealed a serine 264 to glycine mutation, which reduced the affinity of the triazine herbicides for the QB-binding niche on the D1 protein in photosystem II.

A Putative Prodiamine-Resistant Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Population is Controlled by Indaziflam

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Eric H. Reasor ◽  
Jose J. Vargas ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden ◽  
Dean A. Kopsell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Whole Plant

Prodiamine is a mitotic inhibiting herbicide regularly used to control annual bluegrass PRE. A population of annual bluegrass not controlled by prodiamine at 1,120 g a.i. ha−1was identified on a golf course in Alcoa, TN, in 2012. A whole-plant hydroponics bioassay was used to screen this biotype for prodiamine resistance (PR) compared with a known susceptible population (SS). Multitiller (i.e., > 4 tillers) PR and SS annual bluegrass plants were established in hydroponic culture and exposed to 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, and 10.0 mM prodiamine. Exposure to prodiamine at 0.001 mM reduced root growth of the SS biotype to 26% of the nontreated check (i.e., 0 mM prodiamine) but had no effect on the PR biotype. When exposed to 10 mM prodiamine, root growth of the PR biotype was reduced to 24% of the nontreated check compared with 9% for the SS biotype.I50values for the PR and SS biotypes were 0.04 and 2.8 × 10−6mM prodiamine, respectively. The PR biotype measured lower in plant height and leaf width than the SS population. In field trials, prodiamine at 560, 840, 1,120, and 1,400 g ha−1only controlled the PR biotype 0 to 22%. PRE applications of the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor indaziflam at 35, 52.5, and 70 g a.i. ha−1controlled this PR biotype 70 to 97%. This marks the second instance of annual bluegrass developing resistance to prodiamine in Tennessee during the past 5 yr. Future research should evaluate indaziflam efficacy for control of other prodiamine-resistant biotypes of annual bluegrass as well as annual bluegrass biotypes resistant to herbicidal inhibitors of 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase, acetolactate synthase, and photosystem II.

Mesotrione, Topramezone, and Amicarbazone Combinations for Postemergence Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Elmore ◽  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden ◽  
Aaron J. Patton
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
Synergistic Increase

Selective annual bluegrass (ABG) control with mesotrione is often inconsistent, and sequential applications might be required for complete control. The complementary nature ofp-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)- and photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides is well documented. The HPPD-inhibiting herbicide mesotrione and the PSII-inhibiting herbicide amicarbazone both have efficacy against annual bluegrass and safety on certain cool-season turfgrasses. Topramezone is a HPPD-inhibiting herbicide being investigated for use in turfgrass. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine single applications of topramezone and mesotrione alone or in combination with amicarbazone for POST ABG control in spring. In greenhouse experiments, the combination of mesotrione (280 g ai ha−1) and amicarbazone (75 g ai ha−1) controlled ABG 70% by 21 d after treatment, > 29% more than either herbicide applied alone; these combinations were determined to be synergistic. Amicarbazone combined with topramezone (14.5 g ai ha−1) provided < 10% ABG control and was not synergistic. When combined with mesotrione, increasing amicarbazone rate to 150 or 255 g ha−1did not increase ABG control compared to 75 g ha−1in field experiments. Combining mesotrione with amicarbazone resulted in a synergistic increase in POST ABG control at 1 and 2 wk after treatment (WAT). When applied alone or in combination with amicarbazone, increasing the mesotrione rate from 90 to 280 g ha−1increased efficacy on ABG in field experiments. The combination of mesotrione at 280 g ha−1and amicarbazone at 75 g ha−1provided > 90% ABG control in field experiments. Future research should focus on sequential applications of mesotrione–amicarbazone combinations for ABG control in locations where ABG is historically more difficult to control.

Detecting Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Resistance to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides Using a Rapid Diagnostic Assay

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Cross ◽  
Lambert B. McCarty ◽  
Nishanth Tharayil ◽  
Ted Whitwell ◽  
William C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clemson University ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Als Inhibitors

Annual bluegrass is the most problematic winter annual weed in managed turfgrass. Acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides are effective for annual bluegrass control, but reliance on this mode of action can select for herbicide-resistant biotypes. Two annual bluegrass biotypes not controlled with ALS-inhibiting herbicides were reported at golf courses in South Carolina and Georgia. Research was initiated at Clemson University to verify the level of resistance of these biotypes to ALS inhibitors. Two ALS-susceptible (S) and suspected resistant (SCr, GAr) annual bluegrass biotypes were established in a greenhouse. Dose-response experiments were conducted on mature annual bluegrass plants using trifloxysulfuron, foramsulfuron, and bispyribac-sodium, all ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Additionally, a rapid diagnostic ALS activity assay was optimized and conducted using the same herbicides. For dose-response experiments, the rate of herbicide that reduced shoot biomass 50% (I50) values for the S biotypes were 13.6 g ai ha−1for trifloxysulfuron, 7.0 g ai ha−1for foramsulfuron, and 38.3 g ai ha−1for bispyribac-sodium. Fifty percent shoot biomass reduction was not observed in either the SCr or GAr biotypes at eight times the labeled field rate of all ALS-inhibiting herbicides tested. For in vivo tests of ALS activity, the SCr biotype yielded I50(concentration of herbicide that reduced ALS activity 50%) values 3,650, 3,290, and 13 times the S biotypes following treatment with trifloxysulfuron, foramsulfuron, and bispyribac-sodium, respectively. Similarly, I50values for the GAr biotype were 316, 140, and 64 times greater than the S biotypes following the same herbicide treatments. This research indicates high levels of annual bluegrass resistance to multiple ALS-inhibiting herbicides in South Carolina and Georgia. Future research should focus on the mechanisms of ALS resistance in these annual bluegrass biotypes as well as alternative options for control not targeting the ALS enzyme.

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