scholarly journals Herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass on Tennessee golf courses

cftm ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Jose J. Vargas ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden ◽  
John M. Zobel
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Cross and multiple herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass ( Poa annua ) populations from eastern Texas golf courses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Fabricia C Reis ◽  
Casey Reynolds ◽  
Matthew Elmore ◽  
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Multiple Herbicide Resistance

Incidence of multiple herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass (Poa annua) across southeastern Australia

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
Rajesh Barua ◽  
Peter Boutsalis ◽  
Jenna Malone ◽  
Gurjeet Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

AbstractAnnual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic annual weed in established turf where the intensive use of herbicides has resulted in the evolution of herbicide resistance. In 2017, 31 populations of P. annua suspected to be resistant to herbicides commonly used to control this weed in turf were collected from golf courses across southeastern Australia to check the resistance status to different herbicide groups. All populations were found to be resistant to multiple turf herbicides. Dose–response experiments confirmed resistance to propyzamide, simazine, rimsulfuron, foramsulfuron, endothall, and pinoxaden. Levels of resistance to rimsulfuron (>56-fold), foramsulfuron (>19-fold), endothall (>7-fold), and pinoxaden (>4.3-fold) compared with the susceptible population were high, but levels of resistance to propyzamide (>2-fold) and simazine (>2-fold) were lower. Considerable variation in resistance to endothall and pinoxaden was observed among the populations of P. annua. Target-site resistance was confirmed for acetolactate synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, but not for photosystem II and microtubule assembly inhibitors. This study documented the extensive resistance to herbicides in P. annua from turf in Australia. Three of the populations investigated exhibited multiple resistance to herbicides from five mechanisms of action. The identification of multiple-resistant P. annua on several golf courses is a serious concern for turf managers.

scholarly journals Pythium Species Associated with Root Dysfunction of Creeping Bentgrass in Maryland

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Feng ◽  
Peter H. Dernoeden
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Cornmeal Agar ◽  
Isolated Species

Putting green samples (n = 109) were inspected for the presence of Pythium oospores in roots of plants from golf courses (n = 39) in Maryland and adjacent states. Twenty-eight Pythium isolates were recovered from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) (n = 25) and annual bluegrass (Poa annua) (n = 3) plants. Most isolates associated with Pythium-induced root dysfunction were from greens less than 3 years of age and were obtained primarily between March and June, 1995 to 1997. Eight Pythium species (P. aristosporum, P. aphanidermatum, P. catenulatum, P. graminicola, P. torulosum, P. vanterpoolii, P. volutum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum) were isolated from creeping bentgrass and two species (P. graminicola and P. torulosum) were from annual bluegrass. All species, except P. catenulatum, were pathogenic to ‘Crenshaw’ creeping bentgrass seedlings in postemergence pathogenicity tests. P. aristosporum (n = 3) and P. aphanidermatum (n = 1) were highly aggressive at a low (18°C) and a high temperature (28°C). P. graminicola (n = 1) was low to moderately aggressive. P. torulosum (n = 12) was the most frequently isolated species, but most isolates were either nonpathogenic or caused very little disease. P. aristosporum (n = 3) and P. aphanidermatum (n = 1) were highly aggressive and were associated with rapid growth at 18 and 28°C on cornmeal agar. P. volutum (n = 1) was highly aggressive at 18°C, but was one of slowest growing isolates. Infected roots were generally symptomless, and the number of oospores observed in roots was not always a good indicator of disease or of the aggressiveness of an isolate. Large numbers of oospores of low or even nonpathogenic species may cause dysfunction of creeping bentgrass roots.

Annual Bluegrass Herbicide Resistance Caused by ALS Gene Mutation in Korea

itsrj ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Hyun-Sook Tae ◽  
Kyung-Duck Kim ◽  
Beom-Seok Hong
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

scholarly journals Postemergent Annual Bluegrass Control in Dormant Nonoverseeded Bermudagrass Turf

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe E. Toler ◽  
Thomas G. Willis ◽  
Alan G. Estes ◽  
Lambert B. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Chemical Products

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) can be a troublesome weed to control in established turfgrass stands; it has developed herbicide resistance after repeated use of products with similar modes of action, and several new herbicides have been registered for use on turfgrasses. Four field studies were conducted near Clemson, S.C., from 2003 through 2005 to evaluate postemergence annual bluegrass control in dormant, nonoverseeded bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] turf using various herbicides applied in either December or February of each year and rated in the spring. Annual bluegrass control can be accomplished in dormant, nonoverseeded bermudagrass turf using a wide range of products applied in either December or February. Flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, glufosinate, glufosinate + clethodim, glufosinate + glyphosate, glyphosate + clethodim, glyphosate + diquat, pronamide, rimsulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron provided 87% or greater annual bluegrass control regardless of application timing. Imazaquin and simazine controlled annual bluegrass greater than 85% when applied in December but less than 80% when applied in February. Glyphosate provided 93% annual bluegrass control when applied in February but only 72% control with December applications. No detrimental effects on bermudagrass spring greenup were observed for any herbicide treatment or application time. The availability of several effective herbicide options with differing modes of action provides turfgrass managers with the opportunity to use herbicide rotations that may prevent, or at least delay, the development of resistant annual bluegrass populations to these chemical products.

scholarly journals Use of Prodiamine as a Preemergence Herbicide to Control Annual Bluegrass in Kentucky Bluegrass

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131c-132
Author(s):  
Peter H. Dernoeden
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Germination Period ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is an intractable weed problem on golf courses. Much has been written about annual bluegrass, but there is little documentation of regional germination period(s) and the proper timing of preemergence herbicides targeted for the control of the annual biotype (P. annua ssp. annua [L.] Timm. = AB). The objectives of this field study were to determine the optimum prodiamine rate and timing for effective AB control. The turf was a mature stand of `Kenblue' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) maintained under conditions similar to those imposed for golf course roughs. Three rates of prodiamine (0.36, 0.73, and 1.1 kg·ha-1) were applied on three dates in 1995 (11 Aug., 14 Sept., and 13 Oct.) and 1996 (29 Aug., 16 and 30 Sept.). All rates applied 11 Aug. or 14 Sept. 1995, and 29 Aug. or 16 Sept. 1996 effectively controlled AB. None of the rates applied 13 Oct. 1995 reduced AB cover, and the 0.36 kg·ha-1 rate applied 30 Sept. 1996 provided relatively poor AB control. Data and observations indicated that the major germination period for AB was between late September and early December. Effective AB control was achieved whenever prodiamine, regardless of rate, was applied between mid-August and mid-September. These prodiamine rates and this application window may be effective only in relatively high cut turf (i.e., >5.0 cm) in the mid-Atlantic region. Chemical names used: O,O-bis(1-methylethyl) S-{2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl} phosphorodithioate (bensulide); N3,N3-di-n-propyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-m-phenylenediamine (prodiamine).

scholarly journals Fairway Renovation with Fraise Mowing Cultivation and Dazomet Fumigation

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1222-1227
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Bearss ◽  
John N. Rogers ◽  
James R. Crum ◽  
Charles A. Silcox
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Opportune Time ◽  
Surface Disturbance ◽  
Rate Experiment ◽  
Native Soils

Renovation is an opportune time for golf courses to address annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) weed populations. Dazomet (tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione) is an effective fumigant, but without a tarp cover, it is only effective at the highest labeled rates. Fraise mowing cultivation could be used to help remove surface material and allow practitioners to effectively fumigate at lower rates. In Summer 2018 and Summer 2019, two cool-season fairway renovation experiments were conducted in East Lansing, MI. The objective of these experiments was to assess annual bluegrass control and creeping bentgrass establishment following dazomet applications to fraise mowed surfaces. In the first experiment (fraise mowing surface disturbance experiment), dazomet was applied at a fixed rate (294 kg·ha−1) to fraise mowed plots at varying levels of surface disturbance (0%, 15%, 50%, and 100%) to a depth of 1.9 cm. In the second experiment (dazomet rate experiment), fraise mowing removed 100% of surface material at a depth of 1.9 cm and dazomet was applied at five rates (0, 294, 588, 147 + 147, and 294 + 294 kg·ha−1). Both experiments were conducted on two soils (sand topdressed vs. native) and evaluated two methods of fumigant incorporation (solid-tine cultivation vs. tillage). Five days after treatments were applied, plots were seeded with ‘Pure Select’ creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). The level of fraise mowing surface disturbance had no effect on annual bluegrass emergence, and creeping bentgrass cover was poorest in native soils at the highest levels of surface disturbance. In the dazomet rate experiment, dazomet applied twice at 294 kg·ha−1 provided the most consistent control of annual bluegrass. With the exception to single applications of 294 in 2018, all dazomet treatments allowed for greater creeping bentgrass establishment than the nontreated control. Fraise mowing cultivation may simplify the removal of surface material from large areas; however, even when combined with dazomet applied at the highest rates, it fails to provide complete annual bluegrass control.

scholarly journals Fluopyram Controls Shoot-galling Caused by Pacific Shoot-gall Nematode and Improves Turf Quality in Annual Bluegrass Putting Greens

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-718
Author(s):  
Paweł Petelewicz ◽  
Paweł M. Orliński ◽  
Marco Schiavon ◽  
Manuel Mundo-Ocampo ◽  
J. Ole Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Alternative Product ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
The Impact

Golf courses in coastal regions of northern California are often faced with severe injury caused by pacific shoot-gall nematodes (Anguina pacificae) on their annual bluegrass (Poa annua) host in putting greens. For years, fenamiphos was used for mitigating disease outbreaks until its registration was withdrawn in 2008. An alternative product containing azadirachtin was intended for nematode suppression. Still, it required repeated applications throughout the year with questionable efficacy, making attempts to lessen the impact of the pathogen costly. This study evaluated fluopyram as a novel nematicide for control of pacific shoot-gall disease. Various application frequencies and rates were tested at several golf courses affected by the nematode. Results revealed that fluopyram applied once at 0.22 lb/acre reduced the number of new shoot-galls and improved annual bluegrass appearance for several months. Increased rates and application frequency occasionally improved the efficacy further. Although the visual quality of turf treated with this plant protection compound was tremendously enhanced, and the number of new shoot-galls was reduced, rarely a significant effect was observed on the population density of several soil-dwelling plant-parasitic nematodes, including pacific shoot-gall nematode. It is hypothesized that fluopyram did not move significantly past the thatch layer and into the soil. However, it effectively reduced the ability of pacific shoot-gall nematode juveniles to induce new shoot galls. Due to its long half-life, it likely protected against both new nematode infections and dissemination of pacific shoot-gall nematode when the shoot-galls decomposed.

scholarly journals Effects of Timing of Ethofumesate Application on Severity of Gray Leaf Spot of Perennial Ryegrass Turf

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1146-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Uddin ◽  
M. D. Soika ◽  
A. S. McNitt ◽  
M. Fidanza
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Significant Difference

Ethofumesate is a widely used herbicide for control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) fairways on golf courses in the United States. Effect of timing of ethofumesate application on development of gray leaf spot was evaluated on perennial ryegrass turf treated with six classes of fungicide. Two applications of ethofumesate (2.28 kg a.i./ha) were made to perennial ryegrass turf maintained at a 2-cm height, at 4-week intervals, each fall (October and November 1999 and 2000) or spring (April and May 2000 and 2001). In addition, turf was treated with the fungicides, azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, flutolanil, iprodione, propiconazole, or thiophanate-methyl at the label rates at 14-day intervals. There were significant effects (P ≤ 0.05) of ethofumesate application timing and fungicide regime on gray leaf spot development. There also were significant interactions between the ethofumesate application timing and fungicide. Severity of gray leaf spot was significantly greater in turf plots treated with ethofumesate in spring compared to turf treated in fall or nontreated control plots treated with fungicides, flutolanil, iprodione, and propiconazole that were relatively less effective in control of gray leaf spot. There was no significant difference in disease severity in turf treated with ethofumesate in fall or to turf not treated with herbicide regardless of the fungicide used. Results of this study indicate that spring application of ethofumesate contributes to development of gray leaf spot epidemics, and the application timing interacts with the classes of fungicides. This study suggests that ethofumesate should be applied only in fall for control of P. annua, particularly in golf courses with a chronic gray leaf spot problem, as part of an integrated management of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass fairways.

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