Reduced insecticide susceptibility of the wheat aphid Sitobion miscanthi after infection by the secondary bacterial symbiont Hamiltonella defensa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
JingXuan Sun ◽  
YaoGuo Qin ◽  
Jia Fan ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Insecticide Susceptibility ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa

scholarly journals Phage loss and the breakdown of a defensive symbiosis in aphids

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1751) ◽  
pp. 20122103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Weldon ◽  
M. R. Strand ◽  
K. M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Terrestrial Arthropods ◽  
Defensive Symbiosis ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa ◽  
Secondary Endosymbiont

Terrestrial arthropods are often infected with heritable bacterial symbionts, which may themselves be infected by bacteriophages. However, what role, if any, bacteriophages play in the regulation and maintenance of insect–bacteria symbioses is largely unknown. Infection of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum by the bacterial symbiont Hamiltonella defensa confers protection against parasitoid wasps, but only when H. defensa is itself infected by the phage A. pisum secondary endosymbiont (APSE). Here, we use a controlled genetic background and correlation-based assays to show that loss of APSE is associated with up to sevenfold increases in the intra-aphid abundance of H. defensa . APSE loss is also associated with severe deleterious effects on aphid fitness: aphids infected with H. defensa lacking APSE have a significantly delayed onset of reproduction, lower weight at adulthood and half as many total offspring as aphids infected with phage-harbouring H. defensa , indicating that phage loss can rapidly lead to the breakdown of the defensive symbiosis. Our results overall indicate that bacteriophages play critical roles in both aphid defence and the maintenance of heritable symbiosis.

scholarly journals Alarm Pheromone Responses Depend on Genotype, but Not on the Presence of Facultative Endosymbionts in the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Cesar Auguste Badji ◽  
Zoé Sol-Mochkovitch ◽  
Charlotte Fallais ◽  
Corentin Sochard ◽  
Jean-Christophe Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Escape Behaviour ◽  
Locomotor Behaviour ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa ◽  
Escape Responses ◽  
High Doses

Aphids use an alarm pheromone, E-β farnesene (EBF), to warn conspecifics of potential danger. The antennal sensitivity and behavioural escape responses to EBF can be influenced by different factors. In the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, different biotypes are adapted to different legume species, and within each biotype, different genotypes exist, which can carry or not Hamiltonella defensa, a bacterial symbiont that can confer protection against natural enemies. We investigate here the influence of the aphid genotype and symbiotic status on the escape behaviour using a four-way olfactometer and antennal sensitivity for EBF using electroantennograms (EAGs). Whereas the investigated three genotypes from two biotypes showed significantly different escape and locomotor behaviours in the presence of certain EBF doses, the infection with H. defensa did not significantly modify the escape behaviour and only marginally influenced the locomotor behaviour at high doses of EBF. Dose-response curves of EAG amplitudes after stimulation with EBF differed significantly between aphid genotypes in correlation with behavioural differences, whereas antennal sensitivity to EBF did not change significantly as a function of the symbiotic status. The protective symbiont H. defensa does thus not modify the olfactory sensitivity to the alarm pheromone. How EBF sensitivity is modified between genotypes or biotypes remains to be investigated.

scholarly journals Symbiont infection affects aphid defensive behaviours

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Dion ◽  
Sarah Erika Polin ◽  
Jean-Christophe Simon ◽  
Yannick Outreman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa ◽  
Defensive Behaviours ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Aphid Populations

Aphids harbour both an obligate bacterial symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola , and a wide range of facultative ones. Facultative symbionts can modify morphological, developmental and physiological host traits that favour their spread within aphid populations. We experimentally investigated the idea that symbionts may also modify aphid behavioural traits to enhance their transmission. Aphids exhibit many behavioural defences against enemies. Despite their benefits, these behaviours have some associated costs leading to reduction in aphid reproduction. Some aphid individuals harbour a facultative symbiont Hamiltonella defensa that provides protection against parasitoids. By analysing aphid behaviours in the presence of parasitoids, we showed that aphids infected with H. defensa exhibited reduced aggressiveness and escape reactions compared with uninfected aphids. The aphid and the symbiont have both benefited from these behavioural changes: both partners reduced the fitness decrements associated with the behavioural defences. Such symbiont-induced changes of behavioural defences may have consequences for coevolutionary processes between host organisms and their enemies.

Insecticide Susceptibility Status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwankwo EN ◽  
Ononye IP ◽  
Ogbonna CU ◽  
Ezihe EK ◽  
Onwude CO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Insecticide Susceptibility ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Susceptibility Status
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