Introduction:
Over 4.9 million cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been confirmed since the
worldwide pandemic began. Since the emergence of COVID-19, a number of confirmed cases reported autoimmune
manifestations. Herein, we reviewed the reported COVID-19 cases with associated autoimmune manifestations.
Methods:
We searched PubMed database using all available keyword for COVID-19. All related studies between January
1st, 2020 to May 22nd, 2020 were reviewed. Only studies published in English language were considered. Articles were
screened based on titles and abstract. All reports of confirmed COVID-19 patients who have associated clinical evidence
of autoimmune disease were selected.
Results:
Among 10006 articles, searches yielded, Thirty-two relevant articles for full-text assessment. Twenty studies
meet the eligibility criteria. The twenty eligible articles reported 33 cases of confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis who
developed an autoimmune disease after the onset of covid-19 symptoms. Ages of patients varied from a 6 months old
infant to 89 years old female (Mean=53.9 years of 28 cases); five cases had no information regarding their age. The time
between symptoms of viral illness and onset of autoimmune symptoms ranged from 2 days to 33 days (Mean of the 33
cases=9.8 days). Autoimmune diseases were one case of subacute thyroiditis (3%), two cases of Kawasaki Disease
(6.1%), three cases of coagulopathy and antiphospholipid syndrome (9.1%), three cases of immune thrombocytopenic
purpura (9.1%), eight cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (24.2%), and sixteen cases of Guillain–Barré syndrome
(48.5%).
Conclusions:
COVID-19 has been implicated in the development in a range of autoimmune diseases which may shed a
light on the association between autoimmune diseases and infections.
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