At present, the superheater and reheater pipes in supercritical and ultra-supercritical boilers have encountered with widespread problems of high temperature steam oxidation, seriously affecting the operation safety and economy of the power generation unit. After several tests and contrastive analysis on the main chemical composition and microstructure of specimens before and after shot peening treatment, this paper developed a set of detailed surface shot peening process with specific process parameters, and finds that for the Super304H oxide film, the relative content of Cr element increases by shot peening treatment, with the relative Cr content of the treated specimen being 2.65% higher than that of the untreated, displaying that the anti-oxidation properties of high chromium austenitic steels in high temperature steam is effectively increased.