nitrogen plasma
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PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0260074
Author(s):  
Hui Miao ◽  
Linxin Liu ◽  
Yeli Wang ◽  
Yucheng Wang ◽  
Qile He ◽  
...  

Objectives Among older adults in China and the US, we aimed to compare the biomarkers of chronic-kidney-diseases (CKD), factors associated with CKD, and the correlation between CKD and mortality. Setting China and the US. Study design Cross-sectional and prospective cohorts. Participants We included 2019 participants aged 65 and above from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS) in 2012, and 2177 from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2011–2014. Outcomes Urinary albumin, urinary creatinine, albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, plasma albumin, uric acid, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). CKD (ACR ≥ 30 mg/g or eGFR< 60 ml/min/1.73m2) and mortality. Analytical approach Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models. Covariates included age, sex, race, education, income, marital status, health condition, smoking and drinking status, physical activity and body mass index. Results Chinese participants had lower levels of urinary albumin, ACR, and uric acid than the US (mean: 25.0 vs 76.4 mg/L, 41.7 vs 85.0 mg/g, 292.9 vs 341.3 μmol/L). In the fully-adjusted model, CKD was associated with the risk of mortality only in the US group (hazard ratio [HR], 95% CI: 2.179, 1.561–3.041 in NHANES, 1.091, 0.940–1.266 in CLHLS). Compared to eGFR≥90, eGFR ranged 30–44 ml/min/1.73m2 was only associated with mortality in the US population (HR, 95% CI: 2.249, 1.141–4.430), but not in the Chinese population (HR, 95% CI: 1.408, 0.884–2.241). Conclusions The elderly participants in the US sample had worse CKD-related biomarker levels than in China sample, and the association between CKD and mortality was also stronger among the US older adults. This may be due to the biological differences, or co-morbid conditions.


Author(s):  
Su Jeong Yeom ◽  
Tae-Ung Wi ◽  
Sangho Ko ◽  
Changhyun Park ◽  
Khayala Bayramova ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Alicia Mollo ◽  
Alexandra Sixto ◽  
Florencia Cora Jofre ◽  
Mariela Pistón ◽  
Marianela Savio

A hydride generation nitrogen microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (HG – MIP OES) system was developed for lead determination. Plumbane chemical generation was performed using 0.045 mol L-1 K3Fe(CN)6...


Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Nikolay Gavrilov ◽  
Alexander Kamenetskikh ◽  
Petr Tretnikov ◽  
Alexey Nikonov ◽  
Leonid Sinelnikov ◽  
...  

Thin amorphous films of LiPON solid electrolyte were prepared by anodic evaporation of lithium orthophosphate Li3PO4 in an arc discharge with a self-heating hollow cathode at a nitrogen pressure of 1 Pa. Distribution of the arc current between two electrodes having an anode potential provided independent control of the evaporation rate of Li3PO4 and the density of nitrogen plasma. Stabilization of the evaporation rate was achieved using a crucible with multi-aperture cover having floating potential. The existence of a threshold value of discharge current (40 A) has been established, which, upon reaching ionic conductivity over 10−8 S/cm, appears in the films. Probe diagnostics of discharge plasma were carried out. It has been shown that heating the films during deposition by plasma radiation to a temperature of 200 °C is not an impediment to achieving high ionic conductivity of the films. Dense uniform films of LiPON thickness 1 mm with ionic conductivity up to 1 × 10−6 S/cm at a deposition rate of 4 nm/min are obtained.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Rudy Trejo-Tzab ◽  
Alejandro Avila-Ortega ◽  
Patricia Quintana-Owen ◽  
Ricardo Rangel ◽  
Mayra Angélica Álvarez-Lemus

In the present work, N-TiO2−x/Pt was synthesized using a homemade nitrogen plasma (AC) discharge system. The overall procedure use of low-power nitrogen plasma (100 watts) with 1 and 2 h of plasma discharge to successfully impregnate platinum nanoparticles on P25 titanium dioxide. The obtained samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results reveal the incorporation of metallic Pt up to 2.9% on the surface of TiO2 by increasing the duration of plasma discharge by up to two hours with a constant power of 100 watts. Likewise, the incorporation of nitrogen atoms into a lattice crystal was also favored, confirming a direct relationship between the amount of Pt and nitrogen atoms introduced in TiO2 as a function of the duration of plasma treatment. By characterizing nanoparticles loaded on a N-TiO2−x/Pt surface, we show that joined platinum nanoparticles have two different patterns, and the boundary between these two regions coalesces. The results demonstrate that the use of nitrogen plasma to impregnate platinum nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2 to obtain N-TiO2−x/Pt allows wide and relevant physics and chemistry applications.


Author(s):  
zhongyang Ma ◽  
Hongmei Sun ◽  
Huan Zheng ◽  
Yanjun Zhao ◽  
Siyuan Sui ◽  
...  

Abstract The application of aluminum is often limited by low hardness, and plasma nitriding can make it have excellent mechanical property. The purpose of this study is to nitride the aluminum surface by non-thermal transferred arc plasma technology. During the plasma nitriding process, the maximum effective value of output current is about 390 mA and the overall temperature of the samples is much lower than the solidus temperature. It is found that the microstructure and mechanical properties of the aluminum surface are improved by adding hydrogen into the nitrogen plasma. Compared with the surface treated by pure N2 plasma, the particle size of aluminum surface treated by N2/H2 plasma is smaller. The surface hardness of aluminum is nearly doubled after being treated in 6.0 vol%H2 + 94.0 vol%N2 atmosphere.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4416
Author(s):  
Yanyan Lin ◽  
Huaguan Li ◽  
Zhongwei Zhang ◽  
Jie Tao

The weak interface performance between metal and composite (IPMC) makes the composite materials susceptible to impact load. Aluminum/glass fiber/polypropylene (Al/Gf/PP) laminates were manufactured with the aluminum alloy sheets modified by nitrogen plasma surface treatment and the phosphoric acid anodizing method, respectively. FEM models of Al/Gf/PP laminates under low-velocity impact were established in ABAQUS/Explicit based on the generated data including the model I and II interlaminar fracture toughness. Low-velocity impact tests were performed to investigate the impact resistance of Al/Gf/PP laminates including load traces, failure mechanism, and energy absorption. The results showed that delamination was the main failure mode of two kinds of laminates under the impact energy of 20 J and 30 J. When the impact energy was between 40 J and 50 J, there were metal cracks on the rear surface of the plasma pretreated specimens, which possessed higher energy absorption and impact resistance, although the integrity of the laminates could not be preserved. Since the residual compressive stress was generated during the cooling process, the laminates were more susceptible to stretching rather than delamination. For impact energy (60 J) causing the through-the-thickness crack of two kinds of laminates, plasma pretreated specimens exhibited higher SEA values close to 9 Jm2/kg due to better IPMC. Combined with the FEM simulation results, the interface played a role in stress transmission and specimens with better IPMC enabled the laminates to absorb more energy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11674
Author(s):  
Yuma Suenaga ◽  
Toshihiro Takamatsu ◽  
Toshiki Aizawa ◽  
Shohei Moriya ◽  
Yuriko Matsumura ◽  
...  

In this study, plasma gas species and temperature were varied to evaluate the reactive species produced and the bactericidal effect of plasma. Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and argon were used as the gas species, and the gas temperature of each plasma was varied from 30 to 90 °C. Singlet oxygen, OH radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone generated by the plasma were trapped in a liquid, and then measured. Nitrogen plasma produced up to 172 µM of the OH radical, which was higher than that of the other plasmas. In carbon dioxide plasma, the concentration of singlet oxygen increased from 77 to 812 µM, as the plasma gas temperature increased from 30 to 90 °C. The bactericidal effect of carbon dioxide and nitrogen plasma was evaluated using bactericidal ability, which indicated the log reduction per minute. In carbon dioxide plasma, the bactericidal ability increased from 5.6 to 38.8, as the temperature of the plasma gas increased from 30 to 90 °C. Conversely, nitrogen plasma did not exhibit a high bactericidal effect. These results demonstrate that the plasma gas type and temperature have a significant influence on the reactive species produced and the bactericidal effect of plasma.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
A P Sigaev ◽  
I A Averin ◽  
A A Karmanov ◽  
I A Pronin ◽  
N D Yakushova

Abstract We have studied the effect of nitrogen plasma exposure on the adsorption properties of SnO2-based nanomaterials synthesized by the sol-gel method. We have established the correlation between the adsorption properties and plasma treatment parameters. The scanning electron microscopy has confirmed integrity violation of the original structure of nanomaterials and an increase in their specific surface area with high-power plasma source.


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