Physicochemical and microbiological quality of the public water supply in 38 cities from the midwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ághata Regina de Oliveira Alves Palmeira ◽  
Valdete Aparecida Terolo Higa da Silva ◽  
Francisco Lopes Dias Júnior ◽  
Regina Célia Arantes Stancari ◽  
Gabriel Antonio Nogueira Nascentes ◽  
...  
2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 6599-6612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Tavares ◽  
Reginaldo Bertolo ◽  
Bruna Fiúme ◽  
Alessandra Crespi ◽  
Veridiana Martins ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1393-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Maramarque Nespolo ◽  
Thaís Mioto Martineli ◽  
Oswaldo Durival Rossi Jr.

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Afonso Rabelo BUZALAF ◽  
Camila Mascarenhas MORAES ◽  
Kelly Polido Kaneshiro OLYMPIO ◽  
Juliano Pelim PESSAN ◽  
Larissa Tercília GRIZZO ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-350
Author(s):  
Adriana Aparecida Buzzo Almodovar ◽  
Márcia Liane Buzzo ◽  
Fernando Pontes de Lima e Silva ◽  
Ellen Gameiro Hilinski ◽  
Adriana Bugno

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic kidney failure is a disease that affects the functions of the kidneys and can cause irreversible kidney failure over time. Among the main factors that cause this disease are hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The number of patients presenting this clinical condition has been increasing in Brazil, leading to an increase in renal replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis. Material and methods: In the state of São Paulo, a joint action between the Adolfo Lutz Institute, the Sanitary Surveillance Center, and the Sanitary Surveillance Groups have promoted the State Program for the Monitoring of Water Treated for Dialysis since 2007 to evaluate the chemical and microbiological quality of the water used in dialysis in compliance with the current legislation. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the monitoring program developed between 2010 and 2016 as a tool for corrective action when unsatisfactory results are observed. Results: The level of satisfactory results during the period varied from 85.8 to 98.0%, indicating an increase in the adequacy of the dialysis services in producing water with adequate quality for patient health. Conclusion: The design adopted in the state monitoring program is highly effective based on new collections after the joint actions of the Sanitary Surveillance System and the State Dialysis Services.


2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1836-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Mioto Martineli ◽  
Oswaldo Durival Rossi Junior ◽  
Natacha Deboni Cereser ◽  
Marita Vedovelli Cardozo ◽  
Cristianne Lino Fontoura ◽  
...  

The consumption of lamb meat in Brazil has increased in the last years but little information about the microbiological quality of this product is available. To evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of lamb carcasses, the quantification of microorganism populations indicators (mesophiles and psychrotrophs; total and thermotolerant coliforms; Escherichia coli; moulds and yeasts) and the pathogenic microorganisms indentification (Salmonella sp. and Listeria spp.) were performed. A total of 60 lamb carcasses were sampled from one abattoir in São Paulo. Swab samples were collected from three points (forequarter, back and hindquarter) on the muscle surface after carcasses final washing. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive evaluation of the results whose counts were grouped by intervals of microorganism populations. Counts ranged from 1.0 x 10¹ to 8.0 x 10(4) colony-forming unit cm-2 (CFU cm-2) for mesophiles; 1.0 x 10(0) to 4.4 x 10(4)CFU cm-2 for psychrotrophs; < 1.0 x 10(0) to 4.4 x 10(4)CFU cm-2 for moulds and yeasts; < 0.3 to > 32.0 most probable number/cm² (MPN cm-2) for total and thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli. Salmonella sp. and Listeria spp. were not found in any of the carcasses. Most carcasses presented low counts for all microorganisms. Overall results may be explained by the small size of the industry where the study was taken. Results suggest that good microbiological quality lamb meat is possible to be obtained, but improvement in hygienic-sanitary conditions is still required.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 11639-11648
Author(s):  
Aline Machado Katsurayama ◽  
Paula Minghim Planas ◽  
Stefani Thaís Alves Dantas ◽  
Bruna Fernanda Rossi ◽  
Erika Carolina Romão Bonsaglia ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Alessandra Freire Reis ◽  
Odaléia Telles Marcondes Machado Queiroz

A discussão sobre a concessão das unidades de conservação é extremamente importante e tem gerado polêmica no Estado de São Paulo, devido à aprovação da Lei Nº 16.260, de 29 de junho de 2016, que “autoriza a Fazenda do Estado a conceder a exploração de serviços ou o uso, total ou parcial, de áreas em próprios estaduais”. A pesquisa e o debate sobre o tema são fundamentais para compreensão e reflexão das possibilidades e consequências da escolha deste caminho para as UCs, ainda que estes devessem anteceder a tomada de decisão. As atividades turísticas e de lazer estão dentre os principais serviços a serem concedidos a iniciativa privada nos Parques Estaduais. Embora essas atividades estejam dentre os objetivos deste tipo de categoria de UC é preeminente ressaltar que a conservação deve nortear a gestão. O Estado é responsável por proteger importantes fragmentos de Mata Atlântica e Cerrado, em áreas com diferentes tipos de ocupação e pressão. Para tanto, necessita de investimento em pessoal capacitado, infraestrutura e equipamentos, além do apoio e diálogo com comunidades tradicionais, que tenham relação com as áreas. O que se observa atualmente é a precarização dos serviços prestados, em que os servidores públicos não têm plano de carreira e os guarda-parques, funcionários primordiais para essas áreas, estão se extinguindo e com eles todo um rico conhecimento. A maioria dos gestores é comissionada e em alguns casos não tem formação adequada para função. A fiscalização é terceirizada e patrimonial deixando que a Floresta propriamente dita, fique a mercê de usos indevidos e inadequados como ocupação irregular, extração de flora, caça, depósito de entulhos, entre outros. É fato que as atividades de uso público realizadas atualmente estão aquém das possibilidades dos parques. A concessão de serviços como alimentação, hospedagem, aluguel de equipamentos e implantação de estruturas para atividades de ecoturismo podem sim ser uma alternativa para dinamizar o uso desses espaços e gerar recursos. Há diversos exemplos de sucesso no exterior e no Brasil, que podem ser inspiradores. Porém, é necessário fundamentalmente que o Estado assuma a responsabilidade legal de salvaguardar as UCs, valorizando a carreira dos servidores públicos investindo em concursos e capacitações. Somente com uma estrutura organizacional fortalecida será possível conduzir com eficiência processos de concessão, que contribuam com a otimização de uso adequado desses espaços. As UCs fornecem serviços ambientais imensuráveis e dentre eles estão às oportunidades turismo, lazer e recreação. Tourism Concessions in Protected Areas of São Paulo state (Brazil): reflections, opportunities and challenges ABSTRACT The discussion on the concession of protected areas is extremely important and has generated controversy in the State of São Paulo, due to the approval of the draft law Nº 16.260, that "authorizes the State Treasury to grant the exploitation of services or use of all or part of areas in state themselves." Research and debate on the subject are fundamental to understanding and reflection of the possibilities and consequences of choosing this way for protected area, even if they were to precede decision-making. Tourist and leisure activities are among the main services to be granted to private initiative in the State Parks. Although these activities are among the goals of that category of PA is paramount to emphasize that conservation should guide the management. The State is responsible for protecting important fragments of Atlantic Forest and Savannah, in areas with different types of occupation and pressure. Therefore, it needs investment in trained personnel, infrastructure and equipment, and support and dialogue with traditional communities that relate to the areas. What we currently see is the precariousness of services, where public servants have no career plan and park rangers, primary staff to these areas, they are dying off and with them a whole wealth of knowledge. Most managers are commissioned and in some cases do not have adequate training to function. The inspection is outsourced and property letting the forest itself, be at the mercy of undue and inappropriate uses such as illegal occupation, flora extraction, hunting, debris deposit, among others. It is true that the public use activities currently performed are beyond the means of the parks. The concession of services such as food, lodging, equipment rental and implementation of ecotourism activities to structures can indeed be an alternative to boost the use of these spaces and generate resources. There are many examples of success in Brazil and abroad, which can be inspiring. However, it is fundamentally necessary that the State assumes the legal responsibility to safeguard the protected areas, enhancing the careers of public servants investing in competitions and training. Only with a strengthened organizational structure will be possible to drive efficiently concession processes that contribute to the optimization of appropriate use of these spaces. PAs provide immeasurable environmental services and among them are the opportunities tourism, leisure and recreation. KEYWORDS: State Parks; Public Use; Management; Conservation.


Author(s):  
Leonardo Silva Junior ◽  
Jéssica Andrade Vilas Boas ◽  
Marcos Eduardo Cordeiro Bernardes ◽  
Maria Inês Nogueira Alvarenga

Os processos ecológicos contribuem de forma ímpar para vivência humana, sendo capazes de fornecer condições essenciais à manutenção da vida na Terra, permitindo que ecossistemas se mantenham em equilíbrio. Nesse cenário, algumas áreas designadas legalmente pelo poder público, incubem-se de proteger vestígios naturais às ações antrópicas, porém estas áreas protegidas vêm sofrendo continuamente com pressões humanas mesmo em seus interiores. Assim, o Parque Estadual da Ilha Anchieta (PEIA), localizado no litoral norte do estado de São Paulo, é uma das áreas protegidas mais visitadas do estado. Nesse contexto, diversas atividades recreativas são permitidas em seu interior, possibilitando assim possíveis adversidades aos processos ecológicos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade visual da paisagem do PEIA, por meio de indicadores ambientais. Para tal, foram selecionadas 10 paisagens de alta relevância quanto a sua beleza cênica, fluxo de turistas, amplitude visual, relevância educacional e para a conservação ambiental. As paisagens encontram-se em diferentes altitudes, fitofisionomias, aspectos abióticos e níveis de acesso público, com diversidade espacial, o que confere características únicas a elas. Os seguintes indicadores visuais foram usados na classificação das paisagens: diversidade; naturalidade; singularidade e detratores. Além disso, os locais foram georreferenciados e fotografados. Como resultado, quatro locais apresentaram qualidade visual média; quatro, com qualidade visual média superior e duas paisagens com qualidade visual superior. Em geral, a qualidade visual foi inferior nas zonas frontais do PEIA, onde o acesso aos turistas é facilitado por trilhas e infraestrutura de apoio. Já regiões mais afastadas e de difícil acesso foram as que apresentaram melhor qualidade visual. Deste modo, conclui-se que de fato a interferência humana reflete diretamente na qualidade visual das paisagens e assim, medidas de gestão ambiental, principalmente a atualização do seu plano de manejo, que data de 1989, podem dar suporte a uma proteção mais qualificada ao parque, bem como, proporcionar uma experiência ainda mais agradável e educativa aos seus visitantes. Quality visual landscape of State Park Anchieta Island, Ubatuba (SP, Brazil) ABSTRACT The ecological processes contribute in a unique way to human experience, being able to provide essential conditions for sustaining life on earth, allowing that keep ecosystems in balance. In this scenario, some areas legally designated by the Government, incubate up to protect natural traces to human actions, but these protected areas are continuously suffering from human pressures even in their interiors, Thus, the State Park of the Anchieta Island (PEIA), located on the northern coast of São Paulo, is one of the most visited protected areas of the state. In this context, various recreational activities are allowed inside, thus enabling possible adversities to ecological processes. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the visual quality of PEIA landscape through environmental indicators. To this end, were selected 10 landscapes of high relevance as its scenic beauty, tourist flow, visual range, educational relevance and to environmental conservation. The landscapes are at different altitudes, vegetation types, abiotic aspects and public access levels with spatial diversity, which gives unique characteristics to them. The following visual indicators were used in the classification of landscapes: diversity; naturalness; uniqueness and detractors. Furthermore, the sites were georeferenced and photographed. As result, four sites had visual medium quality; four, with visual medium superior quality and two landscapes with visual superior quality. In general, the visual quality was lower in the frontal areas of the PEIA, where access to tourists is facilitated by trails and infrastructure support. Already more remote areas and difficult access showed the best visual quality. Thus, it is concluded that in fact human interference directly reflects the visual quality of the landscape and thus environmental management measures, mainly updating its management plan, dating from 1989 can support a more qualified protection park, as well as provide an experience even more enjoyable and educational visitors. KEYWORDS: Ecotourism; Protected Areas; Environmental Indicators.


2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Jales Leitão ◽  
Marcos Bosi Ferraz ◽  
Ana Cristina Chaves ◽  
Jair J Mari

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the direct costs of schizophrenia for the public sector. METHODS: A study was carried out in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during 1998. Data from the medical literature and governmental research bodies were gathered for estimating the total number of schizophrenia patients covered by the Brazilian Unified Health System. A decision tree was built based on an estimated distribution of patients under different types of psychiatric care. Medical charts from public hospitals and outpatient services were used to estimate the resources used over a one-year period. Direct costs were calculated by attributing monetary values for each resource used. RESULTS: Of all patients, 81.5% were covered by the public sector and distributed as follows: 6.0% in psychiatric hospital admissions, 23.0% in outpatient care, and 71.0% without regular treatment. The total direct cost of schizophrenia was US$191,781,327 (2.2% of the total health care expenditure in the state). Of this total, 11.0% was spent on outpatient care and 79.2% went for inpatient care. CONCLUSIONS: Most schizophrenia patients in the state of São Paulo receive no regular treatment. The study findings point out to the importance of investing in research aimed at improving the resource allocation for the treatment of mental disorders in Brazil.


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