Brugia malayi:Resistance of Cuticular Lipids to Oxidant-Induced Damage and Detection of α-Tocopherol in the Neutral Lipid Fraction

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent P. Smith ◽  
Murray E. Selkirk ◽  
Kleoniki Gounaris
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Cuticular Lipids ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction

The effect of long term storage on the lipid reserves and fatty acid composition of cysts and hatched juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Holz ◽  
D.J. Wright ◽  
R.N. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Acidic Phospholipids

AbstractThe lipid composition of three batches of single generation cysts of Globodera rostochiensis, stored dry at 4°C for 1,7 and 13 years, comprised 81%, 74% and 53% neutral lipids, 14%, 18% and 27% non-acidic phospholipids and 5%, 8% and 20% free fatty acids, respectively. Lipids in eggs from two batches of G. pallida cysts, stored for 3 and 7 years, comprised 80% and 67% neutral lipids, 15% and 23% non-acidic phospholipids and 5% and 10% free fatty acids, respectively. All batches contained the same fatty acids which were dominated by C18:l, C20:l and C20:4. The fatty acid profiles of hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis from two batches, stored for 1 and 9 years, differed only in their free fatty acid fractions. Thus, while it is not possible to determine the age of cysts by their fatty acid profile, it may be possible to use the relative amounts of the main lipid classes as an indicator of age. Four batches of hatched J2 of G. pallida were investigated, with sample A hatched during the second week in potato root diffusate, B during week 3, C during week 4 and D during weeks 5 and 6 and stored for 3.5 days (on average) after hatching. Total lipid content was 27.2%, 31.5%, 18.5% and 6.3% of the dry weight for A, B, C and D, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of D an increase in C18:l and to a lesser extent C18:2 was observed. In the free fatty acid fraction of sample D, the percentages of C18:l, C18:2 and C18:3 were greater but the percentages of C20:3 and C20:4 were smaller compared with sample C. Fresh early hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis were compared with later hatched and stored (for 13 days on average) individuals for their lipid content and fatty acid composition. The lipid content was 26.1% and 11.4% in fresh and stored J2, respectively. Total lipid consisted of 77% and 70% neutral lipid, 18% and 26% non-acidic phospholipid and 6% and 4% free fatty acid in fresh and stored J2, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of stored J2 C18:l, C16:0 and C18:0 increased, whereas C20:4, C20:l and C20:3 decreased. Therefore, both neutral lipid and free fatty acid fractions showed changes in their fatty acid profiles after long delayed hatching and/or storage in both PCN species.

Neutral lipids, phospholipids, and a betaine lipid of the snow mold fungus Microdochium nivale

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1051-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Istokovics ◽  
Naoki Morita ◽  
Kazuo Izumi ◽  
Tamotsu Hoshino ◽  
Isao Yumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Polar Lipid Fraction ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Betaine Lipid

The hyphae of the snow mold Microdochium nivale contained lipids in a yield of about 10% w/w of the dry matter of hyphae. The total lipid was fractionated into neutral and polar lipid fractions. In the neutral lipid fraction, triacylglylcerol was the sole major component. As minor components, ergosterol, diacylglycerol, free fatty acid, and fatty acyl ergosterol were identified. The polar lipid fraction contained phospholipids, glycolipids, and a lipid containing neither phosphorus nor sugar. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid were identified as phospholipids. The polar lipid fraction included at least four kinds of glycolipids that have not been identified. A very unusual lipid in fungi, a betaine lipid, diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, was identified by chemical and physicochemical analyses. The level of the neutral lipid fraction, which accounted for 60% of the total lipid in hyphae at the exponential phase, was significantly increased compared with that of the polar lipid fraction and constituted 80% of the total at the stationary phase. The neutral and polar lipids of Microdochium nivale contained 18:3 (9,12,15), 18:2 (9,12), 18:1 (9), and 16:0 as principal fatty acids. Among them, 18:2 (9,12) and 18:3 (9,12,15) were the major fatty acids of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas in diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, the major components were 16:0 and 18:3 (9,12,15).Key words: snow mold, phospholipids, betaine lipid, fatty acid, Microdochium nivale.

Occurrence of diesters of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol in the neutral lipid fraction of goats' milk

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis Cerbulis ◽  
Owen W. Parks ◽  
Ray H. Liu ◽  
Edwin G. Piotrowski ◽  
Harold M. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction

scholarly journals The fuel of respiration of rat kidney cortex

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Weidemann ◽  
H. A. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Body Formation ◽  
Endogenous Substrates

1. In kidney-cortex slices from the well-fed rat, glucose (5mm) supplied 25–30% of the respiratory fuel; in the starved state, the corresponding value was 10%. These results are based on measurements of the net uptake of glucose and of the specific radioactivity of labelled carbon dioxide formed in the presence of [U−14C]-glucose. 2. Added acetoacetate (5mm) or butyrate (10mm) provided up to 80%, and added oleate (2mm) up to 50% of the fuel of respiration. The oxidation of endogenous substrates was suppressed correspondingly. 3. More [U−14C]oleate was removed by the tissue than could be oxidized by the amount of oxygen taken up; less than 25% of the oleate removed was converted into respiratory carbon dioxide and about two-thirds was incorporated into the tissue lipids. The rate of oleate incorporation into the neutral-lipid fraction was calculated to be equivalent to the rate of oxidation of endogenous fat, which provided the chief remaining fuel. 4. The contribution of endogenous substrates to the respiration (50%) in the presence of added oleate is taken to reflect either a high turnover rate of the endogenous neutral lipids (approx. half-life 2·5hr.) or a raised rate of lipolysis caused by the experimental conditions in vitro. 5. Added l-α-glycerophosphate (2·5mm) increased oleate incorporation into the neutral-lipid fraction by up to 40% (i.e. caused a net synthesis of triglyceride). 6. Lactate (2·5mm) added as sole substrate supplied 30% of the respiratory fuel, but with added oleate (2mm) lactate was converted quantitatively into glucose. Oleate stimulated the rate of gluconeogenesis from lactate by 45%. 7. The oxidation of both long-chain and short-chain even-numbered fatty acids was accompanied by ketone-body formation. Ketone-body synthesis from oleate, but not from butyrate, increased six- to seven-fold after 48hr. of starvation. The maximum rates of renal ketogenesis (80μmoles/hr./g. dry wt., with butyrate) were about 20% of the maximum rates observed in the liver (on a weight-for-weight basis) and accounted for, at most, 35% of the fatty acid removed. 8. dl-Carnitine (1·0mm) had no effect on the rates of uptake of acetate, butyrate or oleate or on the rate of radioactive carbon dioxide formation from [U−14C]oleate, but increased ketone-body formation from oleate by more than 100%. Ketone-body formation from butyrate was not increased. 9. There is evidence supporting the assumption that there are cells in which gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis occur together, characterized by equal labelling of [U−14C]oleate and the ketone bodies formed, and other cells that oxidize fat and do not form ketone bodies. 10. Inhibitory effects of unlabelled acetoacetate on the oxidation of [1−14C]butyrate and of unlabelled butyrate on [4−14C]acetoacetate oxidation show that fatty acids and ketone bodies compete as fuels on the basis of their relative concentrations. 11. The pathway of ketogenesis in renal cortex must differ from that of the liver, as β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA synthetase is virtually absent from the kidney. In contrast with the liver the kidney possesses 3-oxo acid CoA-transferase (EC 2.8.3.5), and the ready reversibility of this reaction and that of thiolase (EC 2.3.1.9) provide a mechanism for ketone-body formation from acetyl-CoA. This mechanism may apply to extrahepatic tissues generally, with the possible exception of the epithelium of the rumen and intestines.

Significance of the Nonvolatile Minor Compounds of the Neutral Lipid Fraction as Markers of the Origin of Dairy Products

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (16) ◽  
pp. 7387-7394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Povolo ◽  
Valeria Pelizzola ◽  
Daniela Ravera ◽  
Giovanna Contarini
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Minor Compounds

Hepatotoxicity and Langerhans Islets Regenerative Effects of Polar and Neutral Lipids of Nigella sativa L. in Nicotinamide/streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Pteridines ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widad Sobhi ◽  
Bachra Khettal ◽  
Messaoud Belmouhoub ◽  
Djebbar Atmani ◽  
Pierre Duez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Langerhans Islets ◽  
Tissue Damages ◽  
Total Oil

Abstract The extracted oil from Nigella sativa seeds is reported to be effective against various diseases and chemicallyinduced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The effect of oral administration of Nigella sativa total, polar and neutral oils was investigated on hepatoprotective status in streptozotocin/nicotinamide (STZ-N)-induced diabetic rats. The toxicity was assessed biochemically by monitoring aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptitase (g-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities as well as biluribin titre and histologically under light microscope. The study was also undertaken to evaluate the effect of oil fractions on the regeneration of pancreatic Langerhans islets in treated diabetic rats.Biochemical analysis showed that lipid fractions from total oil of Nigella sativa seeds are not hepatotoxic. However, histological study of the liver demonstrated major and minor tissue damages with the neutral fraction exhibiting the most protective effect. At the end of the experiment period (17 days) of treatment with thymoquinone (25mg/kg bw/day) or neutral lipid fraction (100mg/kg bw/day), a positive effect on the regenerative of Langerhans islets, initially distorted by STZ, was observed. Thus, the hypoglycaemic effect of neutral lipid fraction could be a result of the regeneration of the pancreatic Langerhans islets.

Changes in esterified fatty acids in the isolated, perfused rabbit heart

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1241-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kako ◽  
M. J. G. Dubuc
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lipid Stores

The hearts of fasted (48 h) or fed rabbits were perfused with buffer solution with or without glucose. The right ventricle was removed at the 10th min of perfusion. The left ventricle was perfused for 10, 70, or 130 min. Cardiac lipids were analyzed by the hydroxamic acid method and gas chromatography. The neutral lipid fraction from the heart of the fasted rabbit contained relatively more linoleic and less palmitic acid than that from the heart of the fed animal. Similarly, relatively more oleic and less stearic acids were found in the phospholipid fraction from the heart of the fasted rabbit. There was a slight difference in fatty acid distribution between the right and left ventricular lipids at the 10th min of perfusion.The left ventricle of the fasted rabbit lost two-thirds of its neutral lipid stores during perfusion for 120 min with a substrate-free medium. Some of the phospholipid also disappeared between the 70th and the 130th min of perfusion. No measurable loss of lipids was found in the hearts of fed animals perfused under the same conditions. In the presence of glucose in the perfusing medium, cardiac lipid contents remained unchanged during perfusion regardless of the nutritional state of the animal. Esterified fatty acid composition did not change significantly during perfusion. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to possible metabolic control systems in fasted and fed animals.

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