Hepatotoxicity and Langerhans Islets Regenerative Effects of Polar and Neutral Lipids of Nigella sativa L. in Nicotinamide/streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Pteridines ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widad Sobhi ◽  
Bachra Khettal ◽  
Messaoud Belmouhoub ◽  
Djebbar Atmani ◽  
Pierre Duez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Langerhans Islets ◽  
Tissue Damages ◽  
Total Oil

Abstract The extracted oil from Nigella sativa seeds is reported to be effective against various diseases and chemicallyinduced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The effect of oral administration of Nigella sativa total, polar and neutral oils was investigated on hepatoprotective status in streptozotocin/nicotinamide (STZ-N)-induced diabetic rats. The toxicity was assessed biochemically by monitoring aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptitase (g-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities as well as biluribin titre and histologically under light microscope. The study was also undertaken to evaluate the effect of oil fractions on the regeneration of pancreatic Langerhans islets in treated diabetic rats.Biochemical analysis showed that lipid fractions from total oil of Nigella sativa seeds are not hepatotoxic. However, histological study of the liver demonstrated major and minor tissue damages with the neutral fraction exhibiting the most protective effect. At the end of the experiment period (17 days) of treatment with thymoquinone (25mg/kg bw/day) or neutral lipid fraction (100mg/kg bw/day), a positive effect on the regenerative of Langerhans islets, initially distorted by STZ, was observed. Thus, the hypoglycaemic effect of neutral lipid fraction could be a result of the regeneration of the pancreatic Langerhans islets.

The effect of long term storage on the lipid reserves and fatty acid composition of cysts and hatched juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Holz ◽  
D.J. Wright ◽  
R.N. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Acidic Phospholipids

AbstractThe lipid composition of three batches of single generation cysts of Globodera rostochiensis, stored dry at 4°C for 1,7 and 13 years, comprised 81%, 74% and 53% neutral lipids, 14%, 18% and 27% non-acidic phospholipids and 5%, 8% and 20% free fatty acids, respectively. Lipids in eggs from two batches of G. pallida cysts, stored for 3 and 7 years, comprised 80% and 67% neutral lipids, 15% and 23% non-acidic phospholipids and 5% and 10% free fatty acids, respectively. All batches contained the same fatty acids which were dominated by C18:l, C20:l and C20:4. The fatty acid profiles of hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis from two batches, stored for 1 and 9 years, differed only in their free fatty acid fractions. Thus, while it is not possible to determine the age of cysts by their fatty acid profile, it may be possible to use the relative amounts of the main lipid classes as an indicator of age. Four batches of hatched J2 of G. pallida were investigated, with sample A hatched during the second week in potato root diffusate, B during week 3, C during week 4 and D during weeks 5 and 6 and stored for 3.5 days (on average) after hatching. Total lipid content was 27.2%, 31.5%, 18.5% and 6.3% of the dry weight for A, B, C and D, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of D an increase in C18:l and to a lesser extent C18:2 was observed. In the free fatty acid fraction of sample D, the percentages of C18:l, C18:2 and C18:3 were greater but the percentages of C20:3 and C20:4 were smaller compared with sample C. Fresh early hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis were compared with later hatched and stored (for 13 days on average) individuals for their lipid content and fatty acid composition. The lipid content was 26.1% and 11.4% in fresh and stored J2, respectively. Total lipid consisted of 77% and 70% neutral lipid, 18% and 26% non-acidic phospholipid and 6% and 4% free fatty acid in fresh and stored J2, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of stored J2 C18:l, C16:0 and C18:0 increased, whereas C20:4, C20:l and C20:3 decreased. Therefore, both neutral lipid and free fatty acid fractions showed changes in their fatty acid profiles after long delayed hatching and/or storage in both PCN species.

scholarly journals In Vivo Subacute Toxicity and Antidiabetic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Nigella sativa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Bensiameur-Touati ◽  
Ghouti Kacimi ◽  
El-Mehdi Haffaf ◽  
Sihem Berdja ◽  
Souhila Aouichat-Bouguerra
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Liver Tbars

Context. Nigella sativa seeds are usually used as traditional medicine for a wide range of therapeutic purposes. Objective. To investigate the subacute toxicity of NS aqueous extract and select its lowest dose to study its antidiabetic effect. Methods. 5 AqE.NS doses (2, 6.4, 21, 33, and 60 g/Kg) were daily administered to mice by gavage. Biochemical parameters measurements and histological study of the liver and the kidney were performed after 6 weeks of supplementation. Thereafter, and after inducing diabetes by alloxan, rats were treated by 2 g/Kg of AqE.NS during 8 weeks. Metabolic parameters were measured on sera. A horizontal electrophoresis of plasmatic lipoprotein was conducted. Glycogen, total lipids, and triglycerides were measured in the liver. TBARS were evaluated on adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas. Results. AqE.NS showed no variation in urea and albumin at the 5 doses, but hepatotoxicity from 21 g/Kg was confirmed by histopathological observations of the liver. In diabetic rats, AqE.NS significantly decreased glycemia, TG, T-cholesterol, LDL-c, and TBARS and showed a restored insulinemia and a significant increase in HDL-c. Results on the liver indicated a decrease in lipids and a possible glycogenogenesis. Conclusion. AqE.NS showed its safety at low doses and its evident antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant effect.

Neutral lipids, phospholipids, and a betaine lipid of the snow mold fungus Microdochium nivale

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1051-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Istokovics ◽  
Naoki Morita ◽  
Kazuo Izumi ◽  
Tamotsu Hoshino ◽  
Isao Yumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Polar Lipid Fraction ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Betaine Lipid

The hyphae of the snow mold Microdochium nivale contained lipids in a yield of about 10% w/w of the dry matter of hyphae. The total lipid was fractionated into neutral and polar lipid fractions. In the neutral lipid fraction, triacylglylcerol was the sole major component. As minor components, ergosterol, diacylglycerol, free fatty acid, and fatty acyl ergosterol were identified. The polar lipid fraction contained phospholipids, glycolipids, and a lipid containing neither phosphorus nor sugar. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid were identified as phospholipids. The polar lipid fraction included at least four kinds of glycolipids that have not been identified. A very unusual lipid in fungi, a betaine lipid, diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, was identified by chemical and physicochemical analyses. The level of the neutral lipid fraction, which accounted for 60% of the total lipid in hyphae at the exponential phase, was significantly increased compared with that of the polar lipid fraction and constituted 80% of the total at the stationary phase. The neutral and polar lipids of Microdochium nivale contained 18:3 (9,12,15), 18:2 (9,12), 18:1 (9), and 16:0 as principal fatty acids. Among them, 18:2 (9,12) and 18:3 (9,12,15) were the major fatty acids of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas in diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, the major components were 16:0 and 18:3 (9,12,15).Key words: snow mold, phospholipids, betaine lipid, fatty acid, Microdochium nivale.

Occurrence of diesters of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol in the neutral lipid fraction of goats' milk

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis Cerbulis ◽  
Owen W. Parks ◽  
Ray H. Liu ◽  
Edwin G. Piotrowski ◽  
Harold M. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction

scholarly journals The fuel of respiration of rat kidney cortex

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Weidemann ◽  
H. A. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Body Formation ◽  
Endogenous Substrates

1. In kidney-cortex slices from the well-fed rat, glucose (5mm) supplied 25–30% of the respiratory fuel; in the starved state, the corresponding value was 10%. These results are based on measurements of the net uptake of glucose and of the specific radioactivity of labelled carbon dioxide formed in the presence of [U−14C]-glucose. 2. Added acetoacetate (5mm) or butyrate (10mm) provided up to 80%, and added oleate (2mm) up to 50% of the fuel of respiration. The oxidation of endogenous substrates was suppressed correspondingly. 3. More [U−14C]oleate was removed by the tissue than could be oxidized by the amount of oxygen taken up; less than 25% of the oleate removed was converted into respiratory carbon dioxide and about two-thirds was incorporated into the tissue lipids. The rate of oleate incorporation into the neutral-lipid fraction was calculated to be equivalent to the rate of oxidation of endogenous fat, which provided the chief remaining fuel. 4. The contribution of endogenous substrates to the respiration (50%) in the presence of added oleate is taken to reflect either a high turnover rate of the endogenous neutral lipids (approx. half-life 2·5hr.) or a raised rate of lipolysis caused by the experimental conditions in vitro. 5. Added l-α-glycerophosphate (2·5mm) increased oleate incorporation into the neutral-lipid fraction by up to 40% (i.e. caused a net synthesis of triglyceride). 6. Lactate (2·5mm) added as sole substrate supplied 30% of the respiratory fuel, but with added oleate (2mm) lactate was converted quantitatively into glucose. Oleate stimulated the rate of gluconeogenesis from lactate by 45%. 7. The oxidation of both long-chain and short-chain even-numbered fatty acids was accompanied by ketone-body formation. Ketone-body synthesis from oleate, but not from butyrate, increased six- to seven-fold after 48hr. of starvation. The maximum rates of renal ketogenesis (80μmoles/hr./g. dry wt., with butyrate) were about 20% of the maximum rates observed in the liver (on a weight-for-weight basis) and accounted for, at most, 35% of the fatty acid removed. 8. dl-Carnitine (1·0mm) had no effect on the rates of uptake of acetate, butyrate or oleate or on the rate of radioactive carbon dioxide formation from [U−14C]oleate, but increased ketone-body formation from oleate by more than 100%. Ketone-body formation from butyrate was not increased. 9. There is evidence supporting the assumption that there are cells in which gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis occur together, characterized by equal labelling of [U−14C]oleate and the ketone bodies formed, and other cells that oxidize fat and do not form ketone bodies. 10. Inhibitory effects of unlabelled acetoacetate on the oxidation of [1−14C]butyrate and of unlabelled butyrate on [4−14C]acetoacetate oxidation show that fatty acids and ketone bodies compete as fuels on the basis of their relative concentrations. 11. The pathway of ketogenesis in renal cortex must differ from that of the liver, as β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA synthetase is virtually absent from the kidney. In contrast with the liver the kidney possesses 3-oxo acid CoA-transferase (EC 2.8.3.5), and the ready reversibility of this reaction and that of thiolase (EC 2.3.1.9) provide a mechanism for ketone-body formation from acetyl-CoA. This mechanism may apply to extrahepatic tissues generally, with the possible exception of the epithelium of the rumen and intestines.

scholarly journals Radical scavenging activity of lipids from seaweeds isolated by solid-liquid extraction and supercritical fluids

OCL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. D505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolwenn Terme ◽  
Romain Boulho ◽  
Jean-Philippe Kucma ◽  
Nathalie Bourgougnon ◽  
Gilles Bedoux
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

In vitro antioxidant activities of the lipid fractions from two selected seaweeds, Solieria chordalis and Sargassum muticum were investigated according to the extraction methods. The activity of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids, thanks to extraction by chloroform/methanol (1/1 v/v; CM) mixture, pure supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2), supercritical carbon dioxide with 2% of ethanol (sc-CO2 + EtOH 2%) and supercritical carbon dioxide with 8% of ethanol as co-solvent (sc-CO2 + EtOH 8%), were studied using DPPH radical scavenging assays. All the lipid classes demonstrated a free radical scavenging activity at the concentration of 1 mg/ml. The best scavenging activity (86.6 ± 5.7%) was obtained when the neutral lipid fraction was extracted from S. chordalis with a CM mixture. The neutral lipid fraction extracted with sc-CO2 showed a lower activity than those obtained with solvents. However, the addition of ethanol in sc-CO2 did not affect the antioxidant activity of neutral lipids fixed at around 16% of radical scavenging. For S. muticum, the activity of glycolipids (50.9 ± 0.8%) and phospholipids (48.4 ± 1.6%) obtained with sc-CO2 were twice as large as that of fractions obtained with CM, 29.6 ± 3.4% and 28.0 ± 4.2%, respectively. The activity of neutral lipids did not change with the extraction method with around 25% of radical scavenging. This is the first report of free radical scavenging activity of lipid classes obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from seaweeds.

Variation in Chloroplast Lipid Content and its Correlation to Photosynthetic Activities

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 685-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Heise
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Intact Chloroplasts ◽  
Spinach Leaf ◽  
Fixation Capacity ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities ◽  
Proportional Decrease

Abstract During illumination infiltrated spinach leaf sections show after a short log a linearly increasing 14C-incorporation into membrane lipids from H14CO3-.Isolated intact chloroplasts show this increase only for the neutral lipid fraction (NL). Glyco-and phospholipid accumulation declines in the light.In chloroplast suspensions the increase in content and also in its 14C-incorporation rate of the NL fraction is accompanied1. by a proportional decrease of CO2-fixation capacity,2. by a decrease of the P/2 e-quotient.From 14C-incorporation kinetics, this increase of neutral lipids in plastid suspensions even after short illumination periods appears to be a consequence of an inhibited glycolipid - and phospho­ lipid synthesis from diglycerides.

Lipid Changes Associated with the Degradation of Fish Tissue

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1019-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garnett Wood ◽  
Lane Hintz
Keyword(s):  
Silicic Acid Column ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Silicic Acid Column Chromatography ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Polyunsaturated Acids ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Selective Process

Abstract The stability of fish lipids during storage of fish tissue at ice temperature was investigated. Homogenized tissue from rockfish (striped bass, Roccus species) was stored 16 days at melting ice temperature. Lipids were extracted at intervals and separated into various components by silicic acid column chromatography. Changes in the weights of individual lipid components were correlated with gas chromatographic data on changes in individual acids of these components. In the fresh tissue, the phospholipid fraction contained the highest proportion of polyunsaturated acids and the neutral lipid fraction contained the highest proportion of monounsaturated acids. During storage of the tissue, there were decreases in the weights of total phospholipids and neutral lipids and an almost equivalent increase in the amount of free fatty acids. Although there were changes in all acids during storage, the polyunsaturated acids, eicosapentaenoic (C20:5) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6), were affected most and were lost at a faster rate from phospholipids than from neutral lipids. The loss of polyunsaturated acids was apparently by a selective process because most of the loss was from the cephalin fraction, even though it contained only about ¼ of the total polyunsaturated acids. Relatively small amounts of these acids were lost from the neutral lipids and virtually none from the lecithin.

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