Accumulation of radiolabelled fatty acids in the neutral lipid fraction of measles virus persistently infected BGM cells

AbstractThe lipid composition of three batches of single generation cysts of Globodera rostochiensis, stored dry at 4°C for 1,7 and 13 years, comprised 81%, 74% and 53% neutral lipids, 14%, 18% and 27% non-acidic phospholipids and 5%, 8% and 20% free fatty acids, respectively. Lipids in eggs from two batches of G. pallida cysts, stored for 3 and 7 years, comprised 80% and 67% neutral lipids, 15% and 23% non-acidic phospholipids and 5% and 10% free fatty acids, respectively. All batches contained the same fatty acids which were dominated by C18:l, C20:l and C20:4. The fatty acid profiles of hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis from two batches, stored for 1 and 9 years, differed only in their free fatty acid fractions. Thus, while it is not possible to determine the age of cysts by their fatty acid profile, it may be possible to use the relative amounts of the main lipid classes as an indicator of age. Four batches of hatched J2 of G. pallida were investigated, with sample A hatched during the second week in potato root diffusate, B during week 3, C during week 4 and D during weeks 5 and 6 and stored for 3.5 days (on average) after hatching. Total lipid content was 27.2%, 31.5%, 18.5% and 6.3% of the dry weight for A, B, C and D, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of D an increase in C18:l and to a lesser extent C18:2 was observed. In the free fatty acid fraction of sample D, the percentages of C18:l, C18:2 and C18:3 were greater but the percentages of C20:3 and C20:4 were smaller compared with sample C. Fresh early hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis were compared with later hatched and stored (for 13 days on average) individuals for their lipid content and fatty acid composition. The lipid content was 26.1% and 11.4% in fresh and stored J2, respectively. Total lipid consisted of 77% and 70% neutral lipid, 18% and 26% non-acidic phospholipid and 6% and 4% free fatty acid in fresh and stored J2, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of stored J2 C18:l, C16:0 and C18:0 increased, whereas C20:4, C20:l and C20:3 decreased. Therefore, both neutral lipid and free fatty acid fractions showed changes in their fatty acid profiles after long delayed hatching and/or storage in both PCN species.

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Neutral lipids, phospholipids, and a betaine lipid of the snow mold fungus Microdochium nivale

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w98-094 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 44 (11) ◽

pp. 1051-1059 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Anita Istokovics ◽

Naoki Morita ◽

Kazuo Izumi ◽

Tamotsu Hoshino ◽

Isao Yumoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Neutral Lipid ◽

Polar Lipid ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Microdochium Nivale ◽

Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽

Polar Lipid Fraction ◽

Snow Mold ◽

Betaine Lipid

The hyphae of the snow mold Microdochium nivale contained lipids in a yield of about 10% w/w of the dry matter of hyphae. The total lipid was fractionated into neutral and polar lipid fractions. In the neutral lipid fraction, triacylglylcerol was the sole major component. As minor components, ergosterol, diacylglycerol, free fatty acid, and fatty acyl ergosterol were identified. The polar lipid fraction contained phospholipids, glycolipids, and a lipid containing neither phosphorus nor sugar. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid were identified as phospholipids. The polar lipid fraction included at least four kinds of glycolipids that have not been identified. A very unusual lipid in fungi, a betaine lipid, diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, was identified by chemical and physicochemical analyses. The level of the neutral lipid fraction, which accounted for 60% of the total lipid in hyphae at the exponential phase, was significantly increased compared with that of the polar lipid fraction and constituted 80% of the total at the stationary phase. The neutral and polar lipids of Microdochium nivale contained 18:3 (9,12,15), 18:2 (9,12), 18:1 (9), and 16:0 as principal fatty acids. Among them, 18:2 (9,12) and 18:3 (9,12,15) were the major fatty acids of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas in diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, the major components were 16:0 and 18:3 (9,12,15).Key words: snow mold, phospholipids, betaine lipid, fatty acid, Microdochium nivale.

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The fuel of respiration of rat kidney cortex

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1120149 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 112 (2) ◽

pp. 149-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 176

Author(s):

M. J. Weidemann ◽

H. A. Krebs

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Neutral Lipid ◽

Ketone Body ◽

Ketone Bodies ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Kidney Cortex ◽

Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽

Body Formation ◽

Endogenous Substrates

1. In kidney-cortex slices from the well-fed rat, glucose (5mm) supplied 25–30% of the respiratory fuel; in the starved state, the corresponding value was 10%. These results are based on measurements of the net uptake of glucose and of the specific radioactivity of labelled carbon dioxide formed in the presence of [U−14C]-glucose. 2. Added acetoacetate (5mm) or butyrate (10mm) provided up to 80%, and added oleate (2mm) up to 50% of the fuel of respiration. The oxidation of endogenous substrates was suppressed correspondingly. 3. More [U−14C]oleate was removed by the tissue than could be oxidized by the amount of oxygen taken up; less than 25% of the oleate removed was converted into respiratory carbon dioxide and about two-thirds was incorporated into the tissue lipids. The rate of oleate incorporation into the neutral-lipid fraction was calculated to be equivalent to the rate of oxidation of endogenous fat, which provided the chief remaining fuel. 4. The contribution of endogenous substrates to the respiration (50%) in the presence of added oleate is taken to reflect either a high turnover rate of the endogenous neutral lipids (approx. half-life 2·5hr.) or a raised rate of lipolysis caused by the experimental conditions in vitro. 5. Added l-α-glycerophosphate (2·5mm) increased oleate incorporation into the neutral-lipid fraction by up to 40% (i.e. caused a net synthesis of triglyceride). 6. Lactate (2·5mm) added as sole substrate supplied 30% of the respiratory fuel, but with added oleate (2mm) lactate was converted quantitatively into glucose. Oleate stimulated the rate of gluconeogenesis from lactate by 45%. 7. The oxidation of both long-chain and short-chain even-numbered fatty acids was accompanied by ketone-body formation. Ketone-body synthesis from oleate, but not from butyrate, increased six- to seven-fold after 48hr. of starvation. The maximum rates of renal ketogenesis (80μmoles/hr./g. dry wt., with butyrate) were about 20% of the maximum rates observed in the liver (on a weight-for-weight basis) and accounted for, at most, 35% of the fatty acid removed. 8. dl-Carnitine (1·0mm) had no effect on the rates of uptake of acetate, butyrate or oleate or on the rate of radioactive carbon dioxide formation from [U−14C]oleate, but increased ketone-body formation from oleate by more than 100%. Ketone-body formation from butyrate was not increased. 9. There is evidence supporting the assumption that there are cells in which gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis occur together, characterized by equal labelling of [U−14C]oleate and the ketone bodies formed, and other cells that oxidize fat and do not form ketone bodies. 10. Inhibitory effects of unlabelled acetoacetate on the oxidation of [1−14C]butyrate and of unlabelled butyrate on [4−14C]acetoacetate oxidation show that fatty acids and ketone bodies compete as fuels on the basis of their relative concentrations. 11. The pathway of ketogenesis in renal cortex must differ from that of the liver, as β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA synthetase is virtually absent from the kidney. In contrast with the liver the kidney possesses 3-oxo acid CoA-transferase (EC 2.8.3.5), and the ready reversibility of this reaction and that of thiolase (EC 2.3.1.9) provide a mechanism for ketone-body formation from acetyl-CoA. This mechanism may apply to extrahepatic tissues generally, with the possible exception of the epithelium of the rumen and intestines.

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Measles-virus-persistent infection in BGM cells. Modification of the incorporation of [3H]arachidonic acid and [14C]stearic acid into lipids

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2140665 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 214 (3) ◽

pp. 665-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P Anderton ◽

T F Wild ◽

G Zwingelstein

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Measles Virus ◽

Total Phospholipid ◽

Persistently Infected ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids ◽

Acid Incorporation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Infected Cells

In BGM cells chronically infected with measles virus, although the composition of the phospholipids is unaltered, the fatty acid composition is modified. Uninfected, lytic and persistently infected cells were labelled with [3H]arachidonic acid and [14C]stearic acid and their metabolic fate analysed. No difference in the total incorporation was observed in the different systems. However, the [14C]stearic acid and [3H]arachidonic acid were incorporated up to 2-fold and 13-fold respectively greater into the neutral lipid of persistently infected compared with that of uninfected cells. Both radioactive fatty acids were specifically accumulated in the triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acids fractions. Lytically infected cells were similar to uninfected cells. Although there was no significant difference in the incorporation of radioactivity into the total phospholipid in either system, there was a large decrease in [3H]arachidonic acid incorporated into phosphatidylethanolamine and to a lesser extent phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol in persistently infected cells. [14C]Stearic acid incorporation was also reduced in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions of persistently infected cells.

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Components with Redox Potentiality in the “Neutral Lipid” Fraction from Beef Heart Mitochondria*

Biochemistry ◽

10.1021/bi00878a019 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 305-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G. L. Sottocasa ◽

F. L. Crane

Keyword(s):

Neutral Lipid ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Heart Mitochondria ◽

Beef Heart ◽

Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽

Beef Heart Mitochondria

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Occurrence of diesters of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol in the neutral lipid fraction of goats' milk

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf00123a013 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 474-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Janis Cerbulis ◽

Owen W. Parks ◽

Ray H. Liu ◽

Edwin G. Piotrowski ◽

Harold M. Farrell

Keyword(s):

Neutral Lipid ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Neutral Lipid Fraction

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Fatty Acids Composition of Red and Purple Pomegranate (Punica granatum L) Seed Oil

Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention ◽

10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev1iss2pp74-77 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 74 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hartati Soetjipto ◽

Murda Pradipta ◽

KH Timotius

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Neutral Lipid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Punicic Acid ◽

Pomegranate Seed Oil ◽

Pomegranate Seed ◽

Punica Granatum L

The aim of this investigation was to determine the content and composition of fatty acid in seed oil of red and purple pomegranate (Punica granatum L). The extraction process was performed by Soxhlet extractor with petroleum ether as solvent. The separation and identification of pomegranate seed oil was done by using GCMS. The total oil content of red and purple pomegranate were 128 g/kg d.w and 103 g/kg d.w respectively. Both showed the same major fatty acids as palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and punisic acid. Oleic acid (19-21%) and linoleic acid (20-21%) were found as the most dominant fatty acids in red pomegranate, whereas purple pomegranate seed oil was dominated by oleic acid (41-43%) and punicic acid (0-25%). Neutral lipid fraction of red and purple pomegranate seed oils was more dominant than glycolipid and phospholipid. Neutral lipid fraction of red and purple pomegranate seed oil were 89 % and 91% respectively. Glycolipid fraction of red and purple pomegranate seed oil were 8 % and 5 %, whereas phosholipid fraction of red and purple pomegranate seed oil were 3 % and 4 %. The punicic acid content of total lipid of purple pomegranate seed oil (PPSO) (0-25%) was higher than red pomegranate (RPSO) (9-16%). On the contrary neutral lipid of red pomegranate showed higher punicic acid content (54-75%) than the purple pomegranate (14-55%). Glycolipid of red pomegranate contained punicic acid (0-42%). The punicic acid content of the phospholipid fraction of red pomegranate was higher (0-22 %) than the one of purple pomegranate (0-2%).Key words : fatty acid, pomegranate, Punica granatum, punicic acid, seed oil

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Variations du contenu lipidique occasionnées par la carence en pyridoxine du milieu nutritif de Ceratocystis ulmi

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b84-017 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 102-104

Author(s):

Y. Dalpé

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽

Polar Lipid Fraction ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽

Synthetic Growth Medium ◽

Total Disappearance ◽

Synthetic Growth

Pyridoxin deficiency of the synthetic growth medium results on four of the five strains of the studied Ceratocystis ulmi in an increase (6.9 to 18.8%) of the lipid content of the mycelium. This increase mainly affects the neutral lipid fraction. The analysis of fatty acids shows a significative decrease, both in the neutral and the polar lipid fraction, of the polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and in some cases the total disappearance of the linolenic acid.

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The Hypoxic Microenvironment Induces Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Overexpression and Lipidomic Profile Changes in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13122962 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2962

Author(s):

Juan Pablo Melana ◽

Francesco Mignolli ◽

Tania Stoyanoff ◽

María V. Aguirre ◽

María A. Balboa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Renal Cell ◽

Clear Cell ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽

Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Stearoyl Coa Desaturase

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is characterized by a high cell proliferation and the ability to store lipids. Previous studies have demonstrated the overexpression of enzymes associated with lipid metabolism, including stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), which increases the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in tumor cells. In this work, we studied the expression of SCD-1 in primary ccRCC tumors, as well as in cell lines, to determine its influence on the tumor lipid composition and its role in cell proliferation. The lipidomic analyses of patient tumors showed that oleic acid (18:1n-9) is one of the major fatty acids, and it is particularly abundant in the neutral lipid fraction of the tumor core. Using a ccRCC cell line model and in vitro-generated chemical hypoxia, we show that SCD-1 is highly upregulated (up to 200-fold), and this causes an increase in the cellular level of 18:1n-9, which, in turn, accumulates in the neutral lipid fraction. The pharmacological inhibition of SCD-1 blocks 18:1n-9 synthesis and compromises the proliferation. The addition of exogenous 18:1n-9 to the cells reverses the effects of SCD-1 inhibition on cell proliferation. These data reinforce the role of SCD-1 as a possible therapeutic target.

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