The Lichens of High Ground in the English Lake District

AbstractA general account of the lichens of high-level acid habitats in the Lake District is provided. This is followed by detailed studies of base-rich sites in the Helvellyn range, acid outcrops in Langdale, and three upland tarns, one of which is of outstanding importance. The lichen vegetation is richer than in Snowdonia or the Northern Pennines, but its diversity is considerably less than that of certain individual mountains in the Scottish Highlands. The montane element is interpreted as representing the last remnants of communities that have declined gradually through the Postglacial Period. Many species are extremely rare. Current restraints on the alpine lichen flora include the climate, the predominance of wet, acid rock and heavy sheep grazing. Rhizocarpon simillimum is reported as new to the British lichen flora

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Observations on the Lichen Flora of High Ground in the West of Ireland

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1006/lich.1996.0011 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 113-127

Author(s):

O. L. Gilbert ◽

A. M. Fryday

Keyword(s):

Small Group ◽

Vascular Plants ◽

British Isles ◽

Lake District ◽

The West ◽

Distribution And Ecology ◽

High Level ◽

Lichen Flora ◽

West Of Ireland

AbstractThe lichen flora of high ground in the west of Ireland is described by reference to four localities (Brandon Mountain, Muckanaght, Ben Bulben, Slieve League). These were selected on the basis of their reputation for calcicolous alpine vascular plants and for being some of the most highly oceanic mountains in Europe. The montane element in the lichen flora is strictly limited, populations being small and isolated, although sub-montane species are more frequent. A small group of 44 species has been identified, which is 30% fewer than is found in either the Lake District or Snowdonia; their distribution and ecology are described. The margin of high-level tarns on Brandon Mountain support communities of outstanding importance, including Rinodina fimbriata, new to the British Isles. Seventeen lichens are reported as being new to Ireland.

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High-level peperitic sills in the English Lake District: Distinction from block lavas, and implications for borrowdale volcanic group stratigraphy

Geological Journal ◽

10.1002/gj.3350230206 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 171-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Michael J. Branney ◽

Roger J. Suthren

Keyword(s):

Lake District ◽

Volcanic Group ◽

English Lake District ◽

High Level

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Percy Faraday Frankland, 1858-1946

Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society ◽

10.1098/rsbm.1948.0007 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 5 (16) ◽

pp. 697-715 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Lake District ◽

Scottish Highlands ◽

The North ◽

English Lake District ◽

Purification Of Water

Percy Faraday Frankland was born in London on 3 October 1858. He was the second son of Sir Edward Frankland, whose contributions to chemical thought in the nineteenth century and whose researches on the purification of water, have established his reputation as one of the most outstanding scientists of the period. Edward Frankland, who was resident in London, succeeded Hofmann as Professor of Chemistry at the Royal School of Mines in 1865, and his son thus had the opportunity of becoming acquainted with many of the famous scientific personalities of the day, including, when he was very young, Faraday, who was his godfather. When a boy he was taken by his father to the Scottish Highlands (in 1867 and 1870), as well as to the English Lake District. He also stayed frequently with his grandparents at Leyland in Lancashire. Perhaps in this way he developed a great liking for the North, and more especially for its wilder scenery.

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