Green synthesis of CuO/rGO nanocomposite using Terminalia Arjuna bark extract and its catalytic activity for purification of water

Biogenic synthesis of CuO/rGO nanocomposites was carried out successfully using Terminalia Arjuna bark extract. Various analytical methods such as UV-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Field...

New technological solutions for water treatment systems in modern conditions

The current state of water quality formation in surface water bodies, which serve as sources of drinking water supply in the Dnieper river basin, was considered. The water treatment technologies currently used in Ukraine, were analyzed. The inconsistency of these technologies with the current water quality in these sources of water supply was established, as these technologies are not quite suitable for the purification of water with a significant organic component of any genesis. It was found that one of the main factors that influences the quality of water in water bodies in the warm period is phytoplankton, especially during their "flowering. The factors accompanying this phenomenon were shown, the development trends and their influence on the operating water treatment systems were analyzed. It was considered the feasibility of using reagents with the effect of oxidation of the organic component of the source water, in particular chlorine dioxide, the use of which is effective in disinfection of chlorine-resistant microbiota and phenols oxidations. Moreover, in the conditions of the expected increase in the concentration of mycocystins, chlorine dioxide can be, by analogy with ozone, a fairly effective oxidant of these toxins with a prolonged disinfection effect. The potential development areas of water treatment systems by intensifying bio-physico-chemical processes on the basis of the existing typical capacitive and package units of water treatment plants are given. The perspective areas of scientific and technological developments for substantiation of effective solutions on modernization of existing water treatment facilities were established in these conditions, namely it is reasonable to consider only those solutions, which provide effective purification of water with high concentration of phytoplankton without comprehensive or radical change of water treatment technology. That is, these approaches should make maximum use of existing treatment facilities, either by their reconstruction, or with the use of new reagents, or a combination of both.

Recirculating Shower Filtration System: Utilizing Natural, CostEfficient, and Effective Materials to Consolidate the Purification of Water

The objective of this project was to make a recirculating water shower system that creates clean water using natural resources, without the requirement of additional electricity. Due to the use of natural materials, maintenance of the shower will be dramatically reduced. Our shower system filters the used water and integrates it back into the pipes of the shower, to be used again. The filter removes dirt, bacteria, debris, and biodegradable shampoo. It does so with different filtration methods in each part of the filter. As the water moves from top to bottom, the largest to the smallest impurities are removed from the water to ultimately leave it potable. The system purifies the water to below 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), the recommendation for drinking water by the World Health Organization. Cleaned water is collected and sent back to the shower head by a solar paneled water pump. Our economical shower system has the potential to reduce disease and allow for increased hygiene without wasting water.

ECOLOGICAL EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER FORMED IN THE OIL-PRODUCING INDUSTRY BY COAGULATION METHOD

Research work has been carried out on deep purification of water samples taken from industrial wastewater formed in the oil-producing industry containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic (oil-in-water and water-in-oil) emulsions from oil and organic suspended substances. Using the coagulation method developed by us, industrial wastewater samples were purified up to 100% from oil and suspended substances under optimal conditions. It has been substantiated that this method is of great economic and environmental importance. The applied coagulant and extractant meet the requirements of environmental safety

Performance Improvement of Solar Still with and without Use of PCM

Water problems are same in worldwide. Mainly it is faces by rural area peoples. Mostly drinking water is available from wells and rivers. Because of high population and industrialisation this water might be contaminated with harmful substances such as bacteria and therefore unsafe drinking water. Purification of water by solar is most useful and economic and safe solution. Solar still are mostly useful in rural and tribal area to provide clean water. Solar water still easy to construct, output depend on type of model. And it is operated by unskilled person easily no hard maintenance required and no operational cost and are also clean and safe process and no any type of pollution spread by this process. In this experimentation work comparison is to be made between with and without use of phase change material. It is observed that use of latent storage in solar still will increase water output.

Recent Progress in the Membrane Distillation and Impact of Track-Etched Membranes

Membrane distillation (MD) is a rapidly developing field of research and finds applications in desalination of water, purification from nonvolatile substances, and concentration of various solutions. This review presents data from recent studies on the MD process, MD configuration, the type of membranes and membrane hydrophobization. Particular importance has been placed on the methods of hydrophobization and the use of track-etched membranes (TeMs) in the MD process. Hydrophobic TeMs based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polycarbonate (PC) have been applied in the purification of water from salts and pesticides, as well as in the concentration of low-level liquid radioactive waste (LLLRW). Such membranes are characterized by a narrow pore size distribution, precise values of the number of pores per unit area and narrow thickness. These properties of membranes allow them to be used for more accurate water purification and as model membranes used to test theoretical models (for instance LEP prediction).

Biotesting of petroleum sorbents on the basis of polymer waste

Introduction. Biotesting is considered to be an effective method of assessing the potential hazard of chemical, physical or biological effects on an ecosystem. Biotesting is carried out experimentally using, as a rule, standardized laboratory test systems, by recording changes in biologically important indicators (test reactions) under the influence of the studied samples. Hydrobionts act as biologically sensitive sensors: protozoa, algae, crustaceans, mollusks, fish, etc. Biotic indicators can provide information about the transformation of the ecosystem, the state of organisms and the degree of acceptability of influences to preserve the diversity of life forms and their balanced development. During the bioremediation of oil-contaminated water bodies at low temperatures and at high water flow rates (mountain streams) there are significant difficulties and traditional approaches and sorbents can not always be applied. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new non-traditional sorbents. At the same time, it is ecologically expedient to use multi-ton waste of packaging polymeric materials extracted from solid household waste, which are biologically and chemically inert, have unique sorption properties and are suitable for multiple use. Two ecologically dangerous problems have been solved - water pollution by oil products and the growth of polymer packaging in the share of household waste. The goal is to biotest the change of oil-contaminated environment during purification in model conditions with the use of polymer hydrophobic sorbents from raw materials extracted from solid household waste as bioremediators. Research objectives: to establish biological and toxicological safety of the use of secondary polymer raw materials from packaging waste as oil sorbents; to investigate the safety of using environmentally friendly surfactants from vegetable raw materials common in Ukraine to increase the extraction of petroleum products from water. Methods and techniques: toxicological - determination of water toxicity on Daphnia magna acute according to DSTU 4173: 2003 (ISO 6341: 1996, MOD) and chronic according to DSTU 4166: 2003 (ISO 10706: 2000, MOD), photometric method for determining the amount of oil in water according to GOST 17.1.4.01-80. The research results show the effectiveness of hydrophobic polymer sorbents made from secondary polymer raw materials extracted from solid waste in water contaminated with petroleum products to ensure their localization-sorption. The mortality rates of daphnia in all samples with sorbents at the beginning of the experiment were much lower than in the control, because the bulk of the contaminant was adsorbed on the surface of hydrophobic sorbents. At the end of the experiment, the best result in terms of the number of viable daphnia was observed in the cut of a sorbent made of polypropylene, the surface of which is covered with surfactants extracted from Milnyanka medicinal (Saponaria officinalis L). In this sample, the mortality of the test culture is 23%, which is 32% less than the control - 72%. Conclusions. Studies of the impact on aquatic ecosystems and the toxic effect of developed petroleum sorbents on Daphnia magna Straus have established the effectiveness of hydrophobic polymeric sorbent in water contaminated with petroleum products, ensuring their localization-sorption. The mortality rates of daphnia in all studied samples of sorbents except the sorbent from PVC waste were significantly lower than in the control, because the bulk of the contaminant was adsorbed in the polymeric sorbent. Biotesting showed that the sorption material based on polymeric secondary raw materials did not have a toxic effect in the process of purification of water from hydrocarbons. Therefore, it can be considered promising as a basis for bioremediators and for further use in the purification of water bodies from dissolved and spilled petroleum products. However, further in-depth toxicological studies require PVC-based sorbents, although their effects have not gone beyond what is acceptable and it is necessary to study their behavior under the influence of temperature changes and the reaction of other test organisms.

Study of Self-Purification of Water Body Physical Mechanism as Part of "Complex Usage of Water Resources" Academic Subject

The article highlights the methodological issues of physical self-purification mechanisms of water bodies; they are closely related to the problem of protection and multipurpose water resources utilization. Methods of enhancing the physical processes of water bodies’ self-purification are described and considered to be included in lectures in construction educational institutions. Radioactive, mechanical, electromagnetic, and thermal mechanisms are characterized in detail. According to the authors, knowing of the physical mechanisms of self-purification will decrease the depletion of water resources and reduce their pollution.

PURIFICATION OF WATER-ALCOHOLIC MIXTURE WITH MODIFIED NATURAL MATERIALS

The aryticle presents the results of theoretical and experimental research on improving the technology of purification of water-alcohol mixture with natural modified minerals for the production of vodka. The methods and main filtering materials used in alcohol technology have been considered, the inefluence of natural efficiencies of modilification has been determined. Methods for determining physicochemical parameters, cationic-anionic composition of the sort, method of modification of natural obsidian and natural zeolite clinoptilolite are described. The paper presents the main unit specific costs of hydrochloric acid solution for removal from the surface of ash elements and limestone inclusions, drinking water and prepared for washing material, water-alcohol mixture to establish an equilibrium strength value to prevent dilution of the sort. The influence of modified natural materials on physicochemical parameters and cationic-anionic composition of sorting before and after its purification by modified obsidian and clinoptilolite in comparison with quartz sand is shown. Achieving a positive effect of cleaning and improving the transparency of sorting in the technology of filtration with modified natural minerals. The predicted resistance to changes in the physical and chemical parameters of the sorting after its aging in critical conditions and the control sample and the array of parameter stock to the critical limit is determined. It was found that filtering the sort with modified obsidian allows to increase the shelf life by two months, modified clinoptilolite - by 4 months. Modification of natural obsidian and clinoptilodite allows for reduced specific consumption of hydrochloric acid and prepared water in preparation for the main cycle to increase filtration efficiency by 10-15% and get vodka with higher transparency by 0,1-0,2 units and improve the microcomponent composition of the finished vodka