Ascoma Ontogeny: is this Character Set of any Use in the Systematics of Lichenized Ascomycetes?

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Döring ◽  
H. Thorsten Lumbsch
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Lichenized Ascomycetes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Character Set ◽  
Lichen Taxonomy ◽  
Chemical Characters

AbstractThe use of ascoma ontogeny in the systematics of lichenized ascomycetes is reviewed briefly. Two recently studied examples are discussed to illustrate the use of ontogenetic studies to discover phylogenetic relationships. As one example, the Agyriaceae was mainly circumscribed by the ascus type and included diverse genera. Xylographa is characterized by lirelliform apothecia. However, the ascoma development shares the ontogenetic pattern observed in Trapelia and its placement in the family was confirmed. In contrast, Anamylopsora exhibited a substantially different apothecial development and was separated as a family of its own. As a second example, the Candelariaceae is based on chemical characters. With the detection of pulvinic acid derivatives also in the genus Lecanora, the distinction of the Candelariaceae and Lecanoraceae became doubtful. Therefore, the ascoma ontogeny was employed to evaluate this classification and is illustrated here in detail for Candelaria fibrosa. The substantial similarity of the ascoma development found in both families suggests that both might be better united. Finally, a general discussion of the significance of ontogenetic characters in lichen taxonomy is included.

scholarly journals Tracing phylogenetic relationships in the family Gryllotalpidae

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy S. M. Hill ◽  
Cara Hoffart ◽  
Mark Buchheim
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
The Family

Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Hylodinae (Anura, Leptodactylidae) based on morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca do Val ◽  
Paulo Nuin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family

AbstractThe systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the family Leptodactylidae are controversial as is the intrafamilial phylogeny of the leptodactylids. Here we analyze the relationships of the leptodactylid subfamily Hylodinae. This subfamily has been considered to be monophyletic and composed of three genera, Hylodes, Crossodactylus and Megaelosia. In the present study 49 characters were used, based on different studies on Leptodactylidae phylogeny. Maximum parsimony methods with unweighted and successively weighted characters were used to estimate the phylogeny of the Hylodinae. Upon analysis, the data provided further evidence of the monophyletic status of the three genera, with Megaelosia being the basal genus and the other two genera being sister taxa. The analysis with successive weighting results in a more resolved topology of the species subgroups of the genus Hylodes and separates this genus from Crossodactylus and confirms that the hylodines are monophyletic.

The first zoeal stage of the yellow land crab Johngarthia lagostoma (Milne Edwards, 1837) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4990 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
SIMONE MARIA DE ALBUQUERQUE LIRA ◽  
CYNTHIA DAYANNE MELLO DE LIMA ◽  
IGOR DE ÁVILA TEIXEIRA ◽  
RALF SCHWAMBORN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Zoeal Stage ◽  
Dorsal Seta ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Land Crab ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Morphological Differences

The objective of this paper is to describe and illustrate the first zoeal stage of the largest land crab of the Tropical Atlantic, Johngarthia lagostoma (Milne Edwards, 1837) (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae). A larval description of J. lagostoma was previously not available. Larvae were obtained from ovigerous females on Rocas Atoll and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Twenty larvae were randomly chosen to be dissected and described in detail, while 40 others (20 larvae from each island) were measured only. The published description of the congener J. planatus (Stimpson, 1860) larvae was used for a comparison of larval morphology. Some morphological differences between the first zoeal stage of these two species were: The absence or presence of a simple shorter seta on antennule, number of the minute terminal spines on the antenna, setation of the coxal endite of the maxilla, exopod unsegmented of the first and second maxilliped, and a single mid-dorsal seta on first pleonite. These results and differences observed between these species can assist in studies on phylogenetic relationships within the Family Gecarcinidae MacLeay, 1838, as well as in the identification of the larvae of J. Lagostoma in plankton samples from the tropical Atlantic.  

scholarly journals Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Loureiro ◽  
Rafael de Sá ◽  
Sebastián W. Serra ◽  
Felipe Alonso ◽  
Luis Esteban Krause Lanés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
The Self ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Annual Life Cycle ◽  
Internal Fertilization ◽  
Annual Fish ◽  
Diapausing Eggs ◽  
Neotropical Fishes ◽  
Seasonal Ponds ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACT The family Rivulidae is the fourth most diverse clade of Neotropical fishes. Together with some genera of the related African family Nothobranchiidae, many rivulids exhibit a characteristic annual life cycle, with diapausing eggs and delayed embryonic development, which allows them to survive in the challenging seasonal ponds that they inhabit. Rivulidae also includes two species known as the only the self-fertilizing vertebrates and some species with internal fertilization. The first goal of this article is to review the systematics of the family considering phylogenetic relationships and synapomorphies of subfamilial clades, thus unifying information that is dispersed throughout the literature. From this revision, it is clear that phylogenetic relationships within Rivulidae are poorly resolved, especially in one of the large clades that compose it, the subfamily Rivulinae, where conflicting hypotheses of relationships of non-annual and annual genera are evident. The second goal of this work is to present an updated phylogenetic hypothesis (based on mitochondrial, nuclear, and morphological information) for one of the most speciose genus of Rivulidae, Austrolebias. Our results confirm the monophyly of the genus and of some subgeneric clades already diagnosed, but propose new relationships among them and their species composition, particularly in the subgenus Acrolebias.

scholarly journals Revisiting Orthotospovirus Phylogeny Using Whole Genomic Data and a Hypothesis for their Geographic Origin and Diversification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamarija Butković ◽  
Rubén González ◽  
Santiago F. Elena
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Genome Shuffling ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Negative Sense

ABSTRACTThe family Tospoviridae, a member of the Bunyavirales order, is constituted of tri-segmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that infect plants and are also able of replicating in their insect vectors in a persistent manner. The family is composed of a single genus, the Orthotospovirus, whose type species is Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Previous studies assessing the phylogenetic relationships within this genus were based upon partial genomic sequences, thus resulting in unresolved clades and a poor assessment of the roles of recombination and genome shuffling during mixed infections. Complete genomic data for most Orthotospovirus species are now available at NCBI genome database. In this study we have used 62 complete genomes from 20 species. Our study confirms the existence of four phylogroups (A to D), grouped in two major clades (A-B and C-D), within the genus. We have estimated the split between the two major clades ∼3,100 years ago shortly followed by the split between the A and B phylogroups ∼2,860 years ago. The split between the C and D phylogroups happened more recently, ∼1,465 years ago. Segment reassortment has been shown to be important in the generation of novel viruses. Likewise, within-segment recombination events have been involved in the origin of new viral species. Finally, phylogeographic analyses of representative viruses suggests the Australasian ecozone as the possible origin of the genus, followed by complex patterns of migration, with rapid global spread and numerous reintroduction events.IMPORTANCEMembers of the Orthotospovirus genus infect a large number of plant families, including food crops and ornamentals, resulting in multimillionaire economical losses. Despite this importance, phylogenetic relationships within the genus were established years ago based in partial genomic sequences. A peculiarity of orthotospoviruses is their tri-segmented negative sense genomes, which makes segment reassortment and within-segment recombination, two forms of viral sex, potential evolutionary forces. Using full genomes from all described orthotospovirus species, we revisited their phylogeny and confirmed the existence of four major phylogroups with uneven geographic distribution. We have also shown a pervasive role of sex in the origin of new viral species. Finally, using Bayesian phylogeographic methods, we assessed the possible geographic origin and historical dispersal of representative viruses from the different phylogroups.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea)

Cladistics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Warren ◽  
Joshua R. Ogawa ◽  
Andrew V. Z. Brower
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
The Family

Phylogenetic relationships in the monocot order Commelinales, with a focus on PhilydraceaeThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Systematics Research.

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 719-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M. Saarela ◽  
Peter J. Prentis ◽  
Hardeep S. Rai ◽  
Sean W. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Likelihood Methods ◽  
The Family ◽  
Selection Of

To characterize higher-order phylogenetic relationships among the five families of Commelinales, we surveyed multiple plastid loci from exemplar taxa sampled broadly from the order, and from other major monocot lineages. Phylogenetic inferences in Commelinales using parsimony and likelihood methods are congruent, and we find strong support for most aspects of higher-order relationship in the order. We obtain moderately strong support for the local placement of Philydraceae, a family whose position has proven particularly difficult to infer in previous studies. Commelinaceae and Hanguanaceae are sister taxa, and together they are the sister group of a clade consisting of Haemodoraceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae; Haemodoraceae and Pontederiaceae are also sister taxa. Our sampling of Philydraceae includes all three or four genera in the family; we identify Philydrella as the sister group of a Helmholtzia–Philydrum clade, a resolution that is potentially consistent with several aspects of morphology.

Albumin Immunological Relationships of Australian Marsupials. 2. The Pseudocheiridae

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Baverstock ◽  
M Krieg ◽  
J Birrell ◽  
GM Mckay
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microcomplement Fixation

Microcomplement fixation of albumin was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships among the ringtail possums, family Pseudocheiridae. Phylogenetic analysis of the data supports the hypothesis of at least three distinct clades within the family: one containing Petauroides and Hemibelideus; a second consisting of Pseudocheirus herbertensis, Ps. forbesi, Ps. mayeri, and Ps. canescens; and a third containing Ps. archeri, Ps. corinnae, Ps. cupreus and Ps. dahli. The data have not resolved the phylogenetic position of Ps. peregrinus, which may either form a separate clade or lie close to the Ps. archeri clade.

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