scholarly journals Depth Distribution of Microbial Diversity in Mono Lake, a Meromictic Soda Lake in California

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 1030-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaheen B. Humayoun ◽  
Nasreen Bano ◽  
James T. Hollibaugh
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Mono Lake ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Surface Water Samples

ABSTRACT We analyzed the variation with depth in the composition of members of the domain Bacteria in samples from alkaline, hypersaline, and currently meromictic Mono Lake in California. DNA samples were collected from the mixolimnion (2 m), the base of the oxycline (17.5 m), the upper chemocline (23 m), and the monimolimnion (35 m). Composition was assessed by sequencing randomly selected cloned fragments of 16S rRNA genes retrieved from the DNA samples. Most of the 212 sequences retrieved from the samples fell into five major lineages of the domain Bacteria: α- and γ-Proteobacteria (6 and 10%, respectively), Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides (19%), high-G+C-content gram-positive organisms (Actinobacteria; 25%), and low-G+C-content gram-positive organisms (Bacillus and Clostridium; 19%). Twelve percent were identified as chloroplasts. The remaining 9% represented β- and δ-Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiales, and candidate divisions. Mixolimnion and oxycline samples had low microbial diversity, with only 9 and 12 distinct phylotypes, respectively, whereas chemocline and monimolimnion samples were more diverse, containing 27 and 25 phylotypes, respectively. The compositions of microbial assemblages from the mixolimnion and oxycline were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.314 and 0.877), but they were significantly different from those of chemocline and monimolimnion assemblages (P < 0.001), and the compositions of chemocline and monimolimnion assemblages were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.006 and 0.124). The populations of sequences retrieved from the mixolimnion and oxycline samples were dominated by sequences related to high-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria (49 and 63%, respectively) distributed in only three distinct phylotypes, while the population of sequences retrieved from the monimolimnion sample was dominated (52%) by sequences related to low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria distributed in 12 distinct phylotypes. Twelve and 28% of the sequences retrieved from the chemocline sample were also found in the mixolimnion and monimolimnion samples, respectively. None of the sequences retrieved from the monimolimnion sample were found in the mixolimnion or oxycline samples. Elevated diversity in anoxic bottom water samples relative to oxic surface water samples suggests a greater opportunity for niche differentiation in bottom versus surface waters of this lake.

scholarly journals Arsenite as an Electron Donor for Anoxygenic Photosynthesis: Description of Three Strains of Ectothiorhodospira from Mono Lake, California and Big Soda Lake, Nevada

Life ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Hoeft McCann ◽  
Alison Boren ◽  
Jaime Hernandez-Maldonado ◽  
Brendon Stoneburner ◽  
Chad Saltikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Mono Lake ◽  
Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

Microbial diversity associated with the anaerobic sediments of a soda lake (Mono Lake, California, USA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rojas ◽  
Nuria Rodríguez ◽  
Vicenta de la Fuente ◽  
Daniel Sánchez-Mata ◽  
Ricardo Amils ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Mono Lake ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
High Sulfate ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Soda lakes are inhabited by important haloalkaliphilic microbial communities that are well adapted to these extreme characteristics. The surface waters of the haloalkaline Mono Lake (California, USA) are alkaline but, in contrast to its bottom waters, do not present high salinity. We have studied the microbiota present in the shoreline sediments of Mono Lake using next-generation sequencing techniques. The statistical indexes showed that Bacteria had a higher richness, diversity, and evenness than Archaea. Seventeen phyla and 8 “candidate divisions” were identified among the Bacteria, with a predominance of the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Among the Proteobacteria, there was a notable presence of Rhodoplanes and a high diversity of sulfate-reducing Deltaproteobacteria, in accordance with the high sulfate-reducing activity detected in soda lakes. Numerous families of bacterial fermenters were identified among the Firmicutes. The Bacteroides were represented by several environmental groups that have not yet been isolated. Since final organic matter in anaerobic environments with high sulfate contents is mineralized mainly by sulfate-reducing bacteria, very little methanogenic archaeal biodiversity was detected. Only 2 genera, Methanocalculus and Methanosarcina, were retrieved. The species similarities described indicate that a significant number of the operational taxonomic units identified may represent new species.

scholarly journals Sulfide Oxidation Coupled to Arsenate Reduction by a Diverse Microbial Community in a Soda Lake

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 2043-2049 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Hollibaugh ◽  
Charles Budinoff ◽  
Ryan A. Hollibaugh ◽  
Briana Ransom ◽  
Nasreen Bano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Mono Lake ◽  
Arsenate Reductase ◽  
Arsenate Reduction ◽  
Diverse Microbial Community

ABSTRACT We characterized the arsenate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing population of Mono Lake, California, by analyzing the distribution and diversity of rrnA, cbbL, and dissimilatory arsenate reductase (arrA) genes in environmental DNA, arsenate-plus sulfide-amended lake water, mixed cultures, and isolates. The arsenate-reducing community was diverse. An organism represented by an rrnA sequence previously retrieved from Mono Lake and affiliated with the Desulfobulbaceae (Deltaproteobacteria) appears to be an important member of the arsenate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing community. Sulfide oxidation coupled with arsenate reduction appears to proceed via a two-electron transfer, resulting in the production of arsenite and an intermediate S compound that is subsequently disproportionated. A realgar-like As/S mineral was formed in some experiments.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural Analysis of Haloalkaliphilic Bacteriophage Isolates from Mono Lake, a North American Soda Lake

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (S2) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
K.D. Moulton ◽  
A. Hatch ◽  
M. Movassaghi ◽  
N. Lobo ◽  
F. Mwaura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Ultrastructural Analysis ◽  
Mono Lake

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.

scholarly journals Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii sp. nov., a novel, arsenite-oxidizing haloalkaliphilic gammaproteobacterium capable of chemoautotrophic or heterotrophic growth with nitrate or oxygen as the electron acceptor

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley E. Hoeft ◽  
Jodi Switzer Blum ◽  
John F. Stolz ◽  
F. Robert Tabita ◽  
Brian Witte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soda Lake ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Mono Lake ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Heterotrophic Growth ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Hybridization Data ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

A facultative chemoautotrophic bacterium, strain MLHE-1T, was isolated from Mono Lake, an alkaline hypersaline soda lake in California, USA. Cells of strain MLHE-1T were Gram-negative, short motile rods that grew with inorganic electron donors (arsenite, hydrogen, sulfide or thiosulfate) coupled with the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. No aerobic growth was attained with arsenite or sulfide, but hydrogen sustained both aerobic and anaerobic growth. No growth occurred when nitrite or nitrous oxide was substituted for nitrate. Heterotrophic growth was observed under aerobic and anaerobic (nitrate) conditions. Cells of strain MLHE-1T could oxidize but not grow on CO, while CH4 neither supported growth nor was it oxidized. When grown chemoautotrophically, strain MLHE-1T assimilated inorganic carbon via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham reductive pentose phosphate pathway, with the activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) functioning optimally at 0.1 M NaCl and at pH 7.3. Strain MLHE-1T grew over broad ranges of pH (7.3–10.0; optimum, 9.3), salinity (15–190 g l−1; optimum 30 g l−1) and temperature (13–40 °C; optimum, 30 °C). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain MLHE-1T in the class Gammaproteobacteria (family Ectothiorhodospiraceae) and most closely related to Alkalispirillum mobile (98.5 %) and Alkalilimnicola halodurans (98.6 %), although none of these three haloalkaliphilic micro-organisms were capable of photoautotrophic growth and only strain MLHE-1T was able to oxidize As(III). On the basis of physiological characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization data, it is suggested that strain MLHE-1T represents a novel species within the genus Alkalilimnicola for which the name Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii is proposed. The type strain is MLHE-1T (=DSM 17681T=ATCC BAA-1101T). Aspects of the annotated full genome of Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii are discussed in the light of its physiology.

scholarly journals Arsenolipids in Cultured Picocystis Strain ML and Their Occurrence in Biota and Sediment from Mono Lake, California

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Glabonjat ◽  
Jodi S. Blum ◽  
Laurence G. Miller ◽  
Samuel M. Webb ◽  
John F. Stolz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mono Lake ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Exafs Spectra

Primary production in Mono Lake, a hypersaline soda lake rich in dissolved inorganic arsenic, is dominated by Picocystis strain ML. We set out to determine if this photoautotrophic picoplankter could metabolize inorganic arsenic and in doing so form unusual arsenolipids (e.g., arsenic bound to 2-O-methyl ribosides) as reported in other saline ecosystems and by halophilic algae. We cultivated Picocystis strain ML on a seawater-based medium with either low (37 µM) or high (1000 µM) phosphate in the presence of arsenite (400 µM), arsenate (800 µM), or without arsenic additions (ca 0.025 µM). Cultivars formed a variety of organoarsenic compounds, including a phytyl 2-O-methyl arsenosugar, depending upon the cultivation conditions and arsenic exposure. When the cells were grown at low P, the organoarsenicals they produced when exposed to both arsenite and arsenate were primarily arsenolipids (~88%) with only a modest content of water-soluble organoarsenic compounds (e.g., arsenosugars). When grown at high P, sequestration shifted to primarily water-soluble, simple methylated arsenicals such as dimethylarsinate; arsenolipids still constituted ~32% of organoarsenic incorporated into cells exposed to arsenate but < 1% when exposed to arsenite. Curiously, Picocystis strain ML grown at low P and exposed to arsenate sequestered huge amounts of arsenic into the cells accounting for 13.3% of the dry biomass; cells grown at low P and arsenite exposure sequestered much lower amounts, equivalent to 0.35% of dry biomass. Extraction of a resistant phase with trifluoroacetate recovered most of the sequestered arsenic in the form of arsenate. Uptake of arsenate into low P-cultivated cells was confirmed by X-ray fluorescence, while XANES/EXAFS spectra indicated the sequestered arsenic was retained as an inorganic iron precipitate, similar to scorodite, rather than as an As-containing macromolecule. Samples from Mono Lake demonstrated the presence of a wide variety of organoarsenic compounds, including arsenosugar phospholipids, most prevalent in zooplankton (Artemia) and phytoplankton samples, with much lower amounts detected in the bottom sediments. These observations suggest a trophic transfer of organoarsenicals from the phytoplankton (Picocystis) to the zooplankton (Artemia) community, with efficient bacterial mineralization of any lysis-released organoarsenicals back to inorganic oxyanions before they sink to the sediments.

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