Microbial diversity associated with the anaerobic sediments of a soda lake (Mono Lake, California, USA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rojas ◽  
Nuria Rodríguez ◽  
Vicenta de la Fuente ◽  
Daniel Sánchez-Mata ◽  
Ricardo Amils ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Mono Lake ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
High Sulfate ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Soda lakes are inhabited by important haloalkaliphilic microbial communities that are well adapted to these extreme characteristics. The surface waters of the haloalkaline Mono Lake (California, USA) are alkaline but, in contrast to its bottom waters, do not present high salinity. We have studied the microbiota present in the shoreline sediments of Mono Lake using next-generation sequencing techniques. The statistical indexes showed that Bacteria had a higher richness, diversity, and evenness than Archaea. Seventeen phyla and 8 “candidate divisions” were identified among the Bacteria, with a predominance of the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Among the Proteobacteria, there was a notable presence of Rhodoplanes and a high diversity of sulfate-reducing Deltaproteobacteria, in accordance with the high sulfate-reducing activity detected in soda lakes. Numerous families of bacterial fermenters were identified among the Firmicutes. The Bacteroides were represented by several environmental groups that have not yet been isolated. Since final organic matter in anaerobic environments with high sulfate contents is mineralized mainly by sulfate-reducing bacteria, very little methanogenic archaeal biodiversity was detected. Only 2 genera, Methanocalculus and Methanosarcina, were retrieved. The species similarities described indicate that a significant number of the operational taxonomic units identified may represent new species.

scholarly journals Composition And Key-Influencing Factors of Bacterial Communities Active In Sulfur Cycling of Soda Lake Sediments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyuan Li ◽  
Maohua Yang ◽  
Tingzhen Mu ◽  
Delu Miao ◽  
Jinlong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Abstract Bacteria are important participants in sulfur cycle of the extremely haloalkaline environment, e.g. soda lakes. The effects of physicochemical factors on the composition of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in soda lakes have remained elusive. Here, we surveyed the communities structure of total bacteria, SOB and SRB based on 16S rRNA, soxB and dsrB gene sequencing, respectively, in five soda lakes with different physicochemical factors. The results showed that the dominant bacteria in soda lakes sediments belonged to the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Halanaerobiaeota, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. SOB and SRB were widely distributed in lakes with different physicochemical characteristics，and the community composition were different . In general, salinity and inorganic nitrogen sources (NH4+-N, NO3--N) were the most significant factors. Specifically, the communities of SOB, mainly including Thioalkalivibrio, Burkholderia, Paracoccus, Bradyrhizobium, and Hydrogenophaga genera, were remarkably influenced by the levels of NH4+-N and salinity. Yet, for SRB communities, including Desulfurivibrio, Candidatus Electrothrix, Desulfonatronospira, Desulfonatronum, Desulfonatronovibrio, Desulfonatronobacter and so on, the most significant determinants were salinity and NO3--N. Besides, Rhodoplanes played a significant role in the interaction between SOB and SRB. From our results, the knowledge regarding the community structures of SOB and SRB in extremely haloalkaline environment was extended.

Biofilm adaptation to sulfate reduction in anaerobic immobilized biomass reactors sujected to different COD/sulfate ratios

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H.R.Z. Damianovic ◽  
I.K. Sakamoto ◽  
E. Foresti
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Immobilized Biomass ◽  
High Sulfate ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Various aspects of biofilm adaptation to sulfate reduction in horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactors subjected to increasing sulfate concentrations and different COD/sulfate ratios are presented and discussed. Four bench-scale HAIB reactors filled with vegetal carbon (R1 and R2) and polyurethane foam matrices (R3 and R4) were utilized. Influent sulfate concentrations ranging from 500 to 3000 mg/L were applied at COD/sulfate ratios ranging from 5.0 to 1.7. Reactors R1 and R4 were operated with higher sulfate loads than those applied to R2 and R3. For the same COD/sulfate ratio, the highest sulfate reduction efficiency (∼80%) was displayed by the vegetal carbon reactor (R2) subjected to low sulfate loads. According to the results of our molecular biology analyses, the different support materials provided different biomass colonization conditions. The lowest diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria was found in the HAIB filled with polyurethane foam matrices operating with high sulfate loads.

scholarly journals Reduction of Technetium(VII) byDesulfovibrio fructosovorans Is Mediated by the Nickel-Iron Hydrogenase

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 4583-4587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles De Luca ◽  
Pascale de Philip ◽  
Zorah Dermoun ◽  
Marc Rousset ◽  
André Verméglio
Keyword(s):  
Resting Cells ◽  
Nickel Iron Hydrogenase ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Black Precipitate ◽  
Iron Hydrogenase ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Resting cells of the sulfate-reducing bacteriumDesulfovibrio fructosovorans grown in the absence of sulfate had a very high Tc(VII)-reducing activity, which led to the formation of an insoluble black precipitate. The involvement of a periplasmic hydrogenase in Tc(VII) reduction was indicated (i) by the requirement for hydrogen as an electron donor, (ii) by the tolerance of this activity to oxygen, and (iii) by the inhibition of this activity by Cu(II). Moreover, a mutant carrying a deletion in the nickel-iron hydrogenase operon showed a dramatic decrease in the rate of Tc(VII) reduction. The restoration of Tc(VII) reduction by complementation of this mutation with nickel-iron hydrogenase genes demonstrated the specific involvement of the periplasmic nickel-iron hydrogenase in the mechanism in vivo. The Tc(VII)-reducing activity was also observed with cell extracts in the presence of hydrogen. Under these conditions, Tc(VII) was reduced enzymatically to soluble Tc(V) or precipitated to an insoluble black precipitate, depending on the chemical nature of the buffer used. The purified nickel-iron hydrogenase performed Tc(VII) reduction and precipitation at high rates. These series of genetic and biochemical approaches demonstrated that the periplasmic nickel-iron hydrogenase of sulfate-reducing bacteria functions as a Tc(VII) reductase. The role of cytochromec 3 in the mechanism is also discussed.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI RESISTEN MERKURI PADA INDIVIDU DI DAERAH PESISIR PANTAI DI DESA BUDO KECAMATAN WORI

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefry Hamonangan Hinonaung
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Liquid Element ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Biochemical Testing ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Mercury Resistant Bacteria

Abstract: Mercury is a silver liquid element at room temperature. Mercury form a variety of both inorganic and organic compounds. Mercury that goes into the sea, there is evaporated back into the atmosphere and fall to the ground experiencing methylation. Mercury in water can undergo methylation area with the help of the sulfate reducing bacteria and iron. Not only mercury from only rainwater but sediment mercury in the bottom waters can also be converted into methyl mercury. MeHg is harmful to humans, because it will accumulate MeHg in plankton or microorganisms. Then the plankton and microorganisms will be eaten by predators higher up the food chain in consumption by humans. This tudy aims to determine determine mercury resistant bacteria found in individuals in the coastal areas. The study design was a descriptive exploratory method. Samples taken in this study was a colony of mercury -resistant bacteria in tartar, urine and feces. Specimens were obtained put in a sterile pot and immediately brought to the biology laboratory in the MIPA Unsrat Manado Faculty to the identification of mercury -resistant bacteria and test. Isolation of mercury resistant bacterial isolates in 3 samples, obtained 6 isolates. Then test to identify bacteria with morphological, physiological testing, and biochemical testing. Results of a study found four genus of bacteria. Keywords: Mercury , Mercury Resistant Bacteria , Tartar , Urine , Feces     Abstrak:Merkuri merupakan suatu unsur berbentuk cair keperakan pada suhukamar. Merkuri membentuk berbagai persenyawaan baik anorganikmaupun organik. Merkuri yang masuk ke dalam laut, ada yang menguap kembali ke atmosfir dan jatuh ke tanah mengalami metilisasi. Merkuri dalam daerah perairan dapat mengalami metilisasi dengan bantuan bakteri pereduksi sulfat dan besi. Tidak hanya merkuri dari air hujan saja tetapi sedimen merkuri di dasar perairan juga dapat diubah menjadi metil merkuri. MeHg ini berbahaya bagi manusia, karena MeHg ini akan terakumulasi dalam plankton atau mikroorganisme. Kemudian plankton dan mikroorganisme ini akan di makan oleh predator yang lebih tinggi lagi dalam rantai makanan hingga di konsumsi oleh manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui bakteri resisten merkuri yang terdapat pada individu di daerah pesisir pantai. Desain penelitian adalah metode deskriptif eksploratif. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah koloni bakteri resisten merkuri pada karang gigi, urin dan feses. Spesimen yang didapatkan dimasukkan ke dalam pot steril dan segera di bawa ke laboratoriumbiologi Fakultas MIPA Unsrat Manado untuk dilakukan identifikasi bakteri dan uji resisten merkuri. Isolasi isolat bakteri resisten merkuri pada 3 sampel, diperoleh 6 isolat. Kemudian dilakukan identifikasi bakteri dengan uji morfologi, uji fisiologi, dan uji biokimia. Hasil peneltian ditemukan 4 genus bakteri. Kata kunci: Merkuri, Bakteri Resisten Merkuri, Karang gigi, Urin, Feses

scholarly journals Diversity, Activity, and Abundance of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Saline and Hypersaline Soda Lakes

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 2093-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Foti ◽  
Dimitry Y. Sorokin ◽  
Bart Lomans ◽  
Marc Mussman ◽  
Elena E. Zacharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rate ◽  
Hypersaline Lake ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Soda lakes are naturally occurring highly alkaline and saline environments. Although the sulfur cycle is one of the most active element cycles in these lakes, little is known about the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In this study we investigated the diversity, activity, and abundance of SRB in sediment samples and enrichment cultures from a range of (hyper)saline soda lakes of the Kulunda Steppe in southeastern Siberia in Russia. For this purpose, a polyphasic approach was used, including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of dsr gene fragments, sulfate reduction rate measurements, serial dilutions, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Comparative sequence analysis revealed the presence of several novel clusters of SRB, mostly affiliated with members of the order Desulfovibrionales and family Desulfobacteraceae. We detected sulfate reducers and observed substantial sulfate reducing rates (between 12 and 423 μmol/dm3 day−1) for most lakes, even at a salinity of 475 g/liter. Enrichments were obtained at salt saturating conditions (4 M Na+), using H2 or volatile fatty acids as electron donors, and an extremely halophilic SRB, strain ASO3-1, was isolated. Furthermore, a high dsr gene copy number of 108 cells per ml was detected in a hypersaline lake by qPCR. Our results indicate the presence of diverse and active SRB communities in these extreme ecosystems.

scholarly journals Sulfate-dependent acetate oxidation under extremely natron-alkaline conditions by syntrophic associations from hypersaline soda lakes

Microbiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitry Y. Sorokin ◽  
Ben Abbas ◽  
Tatjana P. Tourova ◽  
Boris K. Bumazhkin ◽  
Tatjana V. Kolganova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Acetate Oxidation ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Kulunda Steppe ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Extreme Salinity ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

So far, anaerobic sulfate-dependent acetate oxidation at high pH has only been demonstrated for a low-salt-tolerant syntrophic association of a clostridium ‘Candidatus Contubernalis alkalaceticum’ and its hydrogenotrophic sulfate-reducing partner Desulfonatronum cooperativum. Anaerobic enrichments at pH 10 inoculated with sediments from hypersaline soda lakes of the Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) demonstrated the possibility of sulfate-dependent acetate oxidation at much higher salt concentrations (up to 3.5 M total Na+). The most salt-tolerant purified cultures contained two major components apparently working in syntrophy. The primary acetate-fermenting component was identified as a member of the order Clostridiales forming, together with ‘Ca. Contubernalis alkalaceticum’, an independent branch within the family Syntrophomonadaceae. A provisional name, ‘Ca. Syntrophonatronum acetioxidans’, is suggested for the novel haloalkaliphilic clostridium. Two phylotypes of extremely haloalkaliphilic sulfate-reducing bacteria of the genus Desulfonatronospira were identified as sulfate-reducing partners in the acetate-oxidizing cultures under extreme salinity. The dominant phylotype differed from the two species of Desulfonatronospira described so far, whilst a minor component belonged to Desulfonatronum thiodismutans. The results proved that, contrary to previous beliefs, sulfate-dependent acetate oxidation is possible, albeit very slowly, in nearly saturated soda brines.

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