Primers for dsr Genes and Most Probable Number Method for Detection of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Oil Reservoirs

2015 ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Shen ◽  
Gerrit Voordouw
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Enumeration of selected bacterial populations in a high mountain watershed

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1487-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. D. Skinner ◽  
J. C. Adams ◽  
P. A. Rechard ◽  
A. A. Beetle
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Site ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Mountain Watershed ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Stream Systems

Nitrate-reducing bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, fluorescent bacteria, and the total viable count were enumerated in three stream systems within a high mountain watershed over a period of two winters and two summers from 1970 to 1972. Spread plate and most probable number procedures showed that the number of fluorescent bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, nitrate-reducing bacteria, and the total count were generally constant throughout the year at the lowest sampling site on the stream systems. However, in some cases and for short periods of time, the numbers of these bacteria appeared to be influenced by recreational use of the land and stream flow. For example, denitrifying bacteria increased in number during the winter recreational period and gave the lowest counts in July.

Improved Most-Probable-Number Method To Detect Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria with Natural Media and a Radiotracer

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1700-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming Vester ◽  
Kjeld Ingvorsen
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rates ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Natural Media

ABSTRACT A greatly improved most-probable-number (MPN) method for selective enumeration of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is described. The method is based on the use of natural media and radiolabeled sulfate (35SO4 2−). The natural media used consisted of anaerobically prepared sterilized sludge or sediment slurries obtained from sampling sites. The densities of SRB in sediment samples from Kysing Fjord (Denmark) and activated sludge were determined by using a normal MPN (N-MPN) method with synthetic cultivation media and a tracer MPN (T-MPN) method with natural media. The T-MPN method with natural media always yielded significantly higher (100- to 1,000-fold-higher) MPN values than the N-MPN method with synthetic media. The recovery of SRB from environmental samples was investigated by simultaneously measuring sulfate reduction rates (by a35S-radiotracer method) and bacterial counts by using the T-MPN and N-MPN methods, respectively. When bacterial numbers estimated by the T-MPN method with natural media were used, specific sulfate reduction rates (qSO4 2−) of 10−14to 10−13 mol of SO4 2−cell−1 day−1 were calculated, which is within the range of qSO4 2− values previously reported for pure cultures of SRB (10−15 to 10−14 mol of SO4 2− cell−1day−1). qSO4 2− values calculated from N-MPN values obtained with synthetic media were several orders of magnitude higher (2 � 10−10 to 7 � 10−10 mol of SO4 2−cell−1 day−1), showing that viable counts of SRB were seriously underestimated when standard enumeration media were used. Our results demonstrate that the use of natural media results in significant improvements in estimates of the true numbers of SRB in environmental samples.

scholarly journals Community Size and Metabolic Rates of Psychrophilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Arctic Marine Sediments

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 4230-4233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Knoblauch ◽  
Bo Barker Jørgensen ◽  
Jens Harder
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Sulfate Reducers ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rates ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT The numbers of sulfate reducers in two Arctic sediments with in situ temperatures of 2.6 and −1.7°C were determined. Most-probable-number counts were higher at 10°C than at 20°C, indicating the predominance of a psychrophilic community. Mean specific sulfate reduction rates of 19 isolated psychrophiles were compared to corresponding rates of 9 marine, mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria. The results indicate that, as a physiological adaptation to the permanently cold Arctic environment, psychrophilic sulfate reducers have considerably higher specific metabolic rates than their mesophilic counterparts at similarly low temperatures.

scholarly journals Acetogenic and Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Inhabiting the Rhizoplane and Deep Cortex Cells of the Sea Grass Halodule wrightii

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 5117-5123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Küsel ◽  
Holly C. Pinkart ◽  
Harold L. Drake ◽  
Richard Devereux
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Halodule Wrightii ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Sulfate Reducers ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sea Grass ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Recent declines in sea grass distribution underscore the importance of understanding microbial community structure-function relationships in sea grass rhizospheres that might affect the viability of these plants. Phospholipid fatty acid analyses showed that sulfate-reducing bacteria and clostridia were enriched in sediments colonized by the sea grasses Halodule wrightii andThalassia testudinum compared to an adjacent unvegetated sediment. Most-probable-number analyses found that in contrast to butyrate-producing clostridia, acetogens and acetate-utilizing sulfate reducers were enriched by an order of magnitude in rhizosphere sediments. Although sea grass roots are oxygenated in the daytime, colorimetric root incubation studies demonstrated that acetogenic O-demethylation and sulfidogenic iron precipitation activities were tightly associated with washed, sediment-free H. wrightii roots. This suggests that the associated anaerobes are able to tolerate exposure to oxygen. To localize and quantify the anaerobic microbial colonization, root thin sections were hybridized with newly developed 33P-labeled probes that targeted (i) low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria, (ii) cluster I species of clostridia, (iii) species of Acetobacterium, and (iv) species of Desulfovibrio. Microautoradiography revealed intercellular colonization of the roots by Acetobacteriumand Desulfovibrio species. Acetogenic bacteria occurred mostly in the rhizoplane and outermost cortex cell layers, and high numbers of sulfate reducers were detected on all epidermal cells and inward, colonizing some 60% of the deepest cortex cells. Approximately 30% of epidermal cells were colonized by bacteria that hybridized with an archaeal probe, strongly suggesting the presence of methanogens. Obligate anaerobes within the roots might contribute to the vitality of sea grasses and other aquatic plants and to the biogeochemistry of the surrounding sediment.

scholarly journals Concentration of sheep manure bacteria in the immobilization of arsenic from groundwater using zero-valent

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Wilopo ◽  
Keiko Sasaki ◽  
Tsuyoshi Hirajim
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Population Size Estimates ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Permeable reactive barrier column tests were performed to investigate whether anaerobic bacteria in sheep manure could help remove As from groundwater. One column served as a control and was packed with zero-valent iron (ZVI), compost leaf, wood chips, glass beads, and gravel, after which it was sterilized. The other (‘inoculated column’) was packed with the same ingredients, with the addition of sheep manure as a source of anaerobic bacteria. Simulated As-contaminated groundwater was prepared based on groundwater samples from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, but with the arsenic concentration adjusted to 50 mg/L. The inoculated column was found to remove As more effectively from the simulated groundwater than the sterilized one. A gradual decrease in sulfate concentration was observed in the inoculated column at the rate of 0.26 mmol of sulfate/L/day, suggesting that there was sulfate-reducing activity in the microbial population. In addition, the sulfur isotope ratio showed -4.3 (‰) and 0.2 (‰) in influent and effluent, respectively, indicating that sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) consumed δ32S preferentially. Using population size estimates from the most probable number (MPN) method, the population of SRB was found to increase with distance traveled in the column. Profiling the community composition of the bacteria in different fractions of the inoculated column using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) on 16S rRNA sequences suggested that a majority of bacteria were various Clostridium species and one species of Proteobacteria, Geobacter metallireducens GS-15. Some of them may contribute to the removal of arsenic.Keywords: Sheep manure, zero valence iron, arsenic, immobilization, sulfate-reducing bacteria

scholarly journals Molecular Phylogenetic and Biogeochemical Studies of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in the Rhizosphere ofSpartina alterniflora

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 2209-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Hines ◽  
Robert S. Evans ◽  
Barbara R. Sharak Genthner ◽  
Stephanie G. Willis ◽  
Stephanie Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Marsh Sediments ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT The population composition and biogeochemistry of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the rhizosphere of the marsh grass Spartina alterniflora was investigated over two growing seasons by molecular probing, enumerations of culturable SRB, and measurements of SO4 2− reduction rates and geochemical parameters. SO4 2− reduction was rapid in marsh sediments with rates up to 3.5 μmol ml−1day−1. Rates increased greatly when plant growth began in April and decreased again when plants flowered in late July. Results with nucleic acid probes revealed that SRB rRNA accounted for up to 43% of the rRNA from members of the domain Bacteria in marsh sediments, with the highest percentages occurring in bacteria physically associated with root surfaces. The relative abundance (RA) of SRB rRNA in whole-sediment samples compared to that ofBacteria rRNA did not vary greatly throughout the year, despite large temporal changes in SO4 2−reduction activity. However, the RA of root-associated SRB did increase from <10 to >30% when plants were actively growing. rRNA from members of the family Desulfobacteriaceae comprised the majority of the SRB rRNA at 3 to 34% of Bacteria rRNA, with Desulfobulbus spp. accounting for 1 to 16%. The RA ofDesulfovibrio rRNA generally comprised from <1 to 3% of the Bacteria rRNA. The highestDesulfobacteriaceae RA in whole sediments was 26% and was found in the deepest sediment samples (6 to 8 cm). Culturable SRB abundance, determined by most-probable-number analyses, was high at >107 ml−1. Ethanol utilizers were most abundant, followed by acetate utilizers. The high numbers of culturable SRB and the high RA of SRB rRNA compared to that ofBacteria rRNA may be due to the release of SRB substrates in plant root exudates, creating a microbial food web that circumvents fermentation.

The exploration of the effective methods to evaluate the stripping ability of bacteriacide to SRB biofilm

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-451
Author(s):  
Yanan Wu ◽  
Hongfang Liu ◽  
Bijuan Zheng ◽  
Shuang Qin ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Effective Evaluation ◽  
Eis Measurements ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to study some effective evaluation methods for the biocide performance on sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) biofilm. Design/methodology/approach The most probable number method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), three-dimensional (3D) photos and epifluorescent microscopy were used in this study. Findings The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of them to sessile SRB were greatly more than planktonic SRB. The EIS of the two biocides indicated that the biofilm exposed to higher concentrations of biocide were much more compact and flat, which perfectly coincided with the SEM, 3D photos and the epifluorescent microscopies. Originality/value In this paper, it, thus, appears that these methods evaluating biocide performance on the SRB biofilm were really effective by comparing the performance of bis-quaternary ammonium salt (BAQS) and tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate.

Specificity of Lectins Labeled with Colloidal Gold to the Exopolymeric Matrix Carbohydrates of the Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Biofilm Formed on Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
D.R. Abdulina ◽  
◽  
L.M. Purish ◽  
G.O. Iutynska ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The studies of the carbohydrate composition of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) biofilms formed on the steel surface, which are a factor of microbial corrosion, are significant. Since exopolymers synthesized by bacteria could activate corrosive processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the specificity of commercial lectins, labeled with colloidal gold to carbohydrates in the biofilm exopolymeric matrix produced by the corrosive-relevant SRB strains from man-caused ecotopes. Methods. Microbiological methods (obtaining of the SRB biofilms during cultivation in liquid Postgate B media under microaerophilic conditions), biochemical methods (lectin-binding analysis of 10 commercial lectins, labeled with colloidal gold), transmission electron microscopy using JEM-1400 JEOL. Results. It was shown using transmission electron microscopy that the binding of lectins with carbohydrates in the biofilm of the studied SRB strains occurred directly in the exopolymerіс matrix, as well as on the surfaces of bacterial cells, as seen by the presence of colloidal gold particles. For detection of the neutral carbohydrates (D-glucose and D-mannose) in the biofilm of almost all studied bacterial strains PSA lectin was the most specific. This lectin binding in biofilms of Desulfotomaculum sp. К1/3 and Desulfovibrio sp. 10 strains was higher in 90.8% and 94.4%, respectively, then for ConA lectin. The presence of fucose in the SRB biofilms was detected using LABA lectin, that showed specificity to the biofilm EPS of all the studied strains. LBA lectin was the most specific to N-аcetyl-D-galactosamine for determination of amino sugars in the biofilm. The amount of this lectin binding in D. vulgaris DSM644 biofilm was 30.3, 10.1 and 9.3 times higher than SBA, SNA and PNA lectins, respectively. STA, LVA and WGA lectins were used to detect the N-acetyl-Dglucosamine and sialic acid in the biofilm. WGA lectin showed specificity to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the biofilm of all the studied SRB; maximum number of bounded colloidal gold particles (175 particles/μm2) was found in the Desulfotomaculum sp. TC3 biofilm. STA lectin was interacted most actively with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in Desulfotomaculum sp. TC3 and Desulfomicrobium sp. TC4 biofilms. The number of bounded colloidal gold particles was in 9.2 and 7.4 times higher, respectively, than using LVA lectin. The lowest binding of colloidal gold particles was observed for LVA lectin. Conclusions. It was identified the individual specificity of the 10 commercial lectins to the carbohydrates of biofilm matrix on the steel surface, produced by SRB. It was estimated that lectins with identical carbohydrates specificity had variation in binding to the biofilm carbohydrates of different SRB strains. Establishing of the lectin range selected for each culture lead to the reduction of the scope of studies and labor time in the researching of the peculiarities of exopolymeric matrix composition of biofilms formed by corrosiverelevant SRB.

The influence of potassium dichromate on dissimilatory reduction of sulfate and nitrate ions by bacteria Desulfovibrio sp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
O. M. Moroz ◽  
S. O. Hnatush ◽  
Ch. I. Bohoslavets ◽  
T. M. Hrytsun’ ◽  
B. M. Borsukevych
Keyword(s):  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Nitrate Ions ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Sulfate reducing bacteria, capable to reductive transformation of different nature pollutants, used in biotechnologies of purification of sewage, contaminated by carbon, sulfur, nitrogen and metal compounds. H2S formed by them sediment metals to form of insoluble sulfides. Number of metals can be used by these microorganisms as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration. Because under the influence of metal compounds observed slowing of bacteria metabolism, selection isolated from technologically modified ecotops resistant to pollutions strains is important task to create a new biotechnologies of purification. That’s why the purpose of this work was to study the influence of potassium dichromate, present in medium, on reduction of sulfate and nitrate ions by sulfate reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio desulfuricans IMV K-6, Desulfovibrio sp. Yav-6 and Desulfovibrio sp. Yav-8, isolated from Yavorivske Lake, to estimate the efficiency of possible usage of these bacteria in technologies of complex purification of environment from dangerous pollutants. Bacteria were cultivated in modified Kravtsov-Sorokin medium without SO42- and FeCl2×4H2O for 10 days. To study the influence of K2Cr2O7 on usage by bacteria SO42- or NO3- cells were seeded to media with Na2SO4×10H2O or NaNO3 and K2Cr2O7 at concentrations of 1.74 mM for total content of electron acceptors in medium 3.47 mM (concentration of SO42- in medium of standard composition). Cells were also seeded to media with 3.47 mM Na2SO4×10H2O, NaNO3 or K2Cr2O7 to investigate their growth in media with SO42-, NO3- or Cr2O72- as sole electron acceptor (control). Biomass was determined by turbidymetric method, content of sulfate, nitrate, dichromate, chromium (III) ions, hydrogen sulfide or ammonia ions in cultural liquid – by spectrophotometric method. It was found that K2Cr2O7 inhibits growth (2.2 and 1.3 times) and level of reduction by bacteria sulfate or nitrate ions (4.2 and 3.0 times, respectively) at simultaneous addition into cultivation medium of 1.74 mM SO42- or NO3- and 1.74 mM Cr2O72-, compared with growth and level of reduction of sulfate or nitrate ions in medium only with SO42- or NO3- as sole electron acceptor. Revealed that during cultivation of bacteria in presence of equimolar amount of SO42- or NO3- and Cr2O72-, last used by bacteria faster, content of Cr3+ during whole period of bacteria cultivation exceeded content H2S or NH4+. K2Cr2O7 in medium has most negative influence on dissimilatory reduction by bacteria SO42- than NO3-, since level of nitrate ions reduction by cells in medium with NO3- and Cr2O72- was a half times higher than level of sulfate ions reduction by it in medium with SO42- and Cr2O72-. The ability of bacteria Desulfovibrio sp. to priority reduction of Cr2O72- and after their exhaustion − NO3- and SO42- in the processes of anaerobic respiration can be used in technologies of complex purification of environment from toxic compounds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document