Aerodynamic roughness of the sea surface at high winds

2007 ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Kudryavtsev ◽  
Vladimir K. Makin
Keyword(s):  
Sea Surface ◽  
Aerodynamic Roughness ◽  
High Winds

Aerodynamic roughness of the sea surface at high winds

2007 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Kudryavtsev ◽  
Vladimir K. Makin
Keyword(s):  
Sea Surface ◽  
Aerodynamic Roughness ◽  
High Winds

scholarly journals A new parameterization scheme for sea surface aerodynamic roughness

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1365-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuping Pan ◽  
Wenyu Sha ◽  
Shouxian Zhu ◽  
Sufang Ge
Keyword(s):  
Sea Surface ◽  
Parameterization Scheme ◽  
Aerodynamic Roughness

scholarly journals Airborne Dual-Polarization Observations of the Sea Surface NRCS at C-Band in High Winds

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Sapp ◽  
S. J. Frasier ◽  
J. Dvorsky ◽  
P. S. Chang ◽  
Z. Jelenak
Keyword(s):  
Sea Surface ◽  
Dual Polarization ◽  
High Winds

Sea-surface NRCS observations in high winds at low incidence angles

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Sapp ◽  
Paul Chang ◽  
Zorana Jelenak ◽  
Stephen Frasier ◽  
Tom Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Sea Surface ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
High Winds

scholarly journals An alternative approach to sea surface aerodynamic roughness

2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (D22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiu Gao ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Shouping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sea Surface ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Aerodynamic Roughness

scholarly journals Sea Spray Impacts on Intensifying Midlatitude Cyclones

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1867-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Perrie ◽  
Weiqing Zhang ◽  
Edgar L Andreas ◽  
Weibiao Li ◽  
John Gyakum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Cyclone Intensity ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Mesoscale Atmospheric Model ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
High Winds

Abstract Air–sea transfer processes over the ocean strongly affect how hurricanes develop. High winds generate large amounts of sea spray, which can modify the transfer of momentum, heat, and moisture across the air–sea interface. However, the extent to which sea spray can modify extratropical or midlatitude hurricanes and intense cyclones has not been resolved. This paper reports simulations of extratropical Hurricanes Earl (1998) and Danielle (1998) and an intense winter cyclone from January 2000 using a mesoscale atmospheric model and a recent sea spray parameterization. These simulations show that sea spray can increase the sea surface heat flux, especially the latent heat flux, in a midlatitude cyclone and that sea spray’s impact on cyclone intensity depends on the storm structure and development and is strongest for cyclones with high winds.

Stratified shear instabilities in diurnal warm layers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Hughes ◽  
James N. Moum ◽  
Emily L. Shroyer ◽  
William D. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Sea Surface ◽  
Shear Instability ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Unstable Flow ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Shear Instabilities ◽  
Surface Jet ◽  
Dimensional Simulation ◽  
High Winds

AbstractIn low winds (≲2 m s−1), diurnal warm layers form but shear in the near-surface jet is too weak to generate shear instability and mixing. In high winds (≳8ms−1), surface heat is rapidly mixed downward and diurnal warm layers do not form. Under moderate winds of 3–5 m s−1, the jet persists for several hours in a state that is susceptible to shear instability. We observe low Richardson numbers of Ri ≈ 0.1 in the top 2 m between 10:00 and 16:00 local time (from 4 h after sunrise to 2 h before sunset). Despite Ri being well below the Ri = 1/4 threshold, instabilities do not grow quickly, nor do they overturn. The stabilizing influence of the sea surface limits growth, a result demonstrated by both linear stability analysis and two-dimensional simulations initialized from observed profiles. In some cases, growth rates are sufficiently small (≪1 h−1) that mixing is not expected even though Ri < 1/4. This changes around 16:00–17:00. Thereafter, convective cooling causes the region of unstable flow to move downward, away from the surface. This allows shear instabilities to grow an order of magnitude faster and mix effectively. We corroborate the overall observed diurnal cycle of instability with a freely evolving, two-dimensional simulation that is initialized from rest before sunrise.

scholarly journals Cyclonic Wave Simulations Based on WAVEWATCH-III Using a Sea Surface Drag Coefficient Derived from CFOSAT SWIM Data

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1610
Author(s):  
Weizeng Shao ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jian Shi ◽  
Weili Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Drag ◽  
Wavewatch Iii ◽  
Sea Surface Roughness ◽  
Typhoon Wave ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
High Winds

It is well known that numerical models are powerful methods for wave simulation of typhoons, where the sea surface drag coefficient is sensitive to strong winds. With the development of remote sensing techniques, typhoon data (i.e., wind and waves) have been captured by optical and microwave satellites such as the Chinese-French Oceanography SATellite (CFOSAT). In particular, wind and wave spectra data can be simultaneously measured by the Surface Wave Investigation and Monitoring (SWIM) onboard CFOSAT. In this study, existing parameterizations for the drag coefficient are implemented for typhoon wave simulations using the WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) model. In particular, a parameterization of the drag coefficient derived from sea surface roughness is adopted by considering the terms for wave steepness and wave age from the measurements from SWIM products of CFOSAT from 20 typhoons during 2019–2020 at winds up to 30 m/s. The simulated significant wave height (Hs) from the WW3 model was validated against the observations from several moored buoys active during three typhoons, i.e., Typhoon Fung-wong (2014), Chan-hom (2015), and Lekima (2019). The analysis results indicated that the proposed parameterization of the drag coefficient significantly improved the accuracy of typhoon wave estimation (a 0.49 m root mean square error (RMSE) of Hs and a 0.35 scatter index (SI)), greater than the 0.55 RMSE of Hs and >0.4 SI using other existing parameterizations. In this sense, the adopted parameterization for the drag coefficient is recommended for typhoon wave simulations using the WW3 model, especially for sea states with Hs < 7 m. Moreover, the accuracy of simulated waves was not reduced with growing winds and sea states using the proposed parameterization. However, the applicability of the proposed parameterization in hurricanes necessitates further investigation at high winds (>30 m/s).

scholarly journals A simple extension of “An alternative approach to sea surface aerodynamic roughness” by Zhiqiu Gao, Qing Wang, and Shouping Wang

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (D16) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiu Gao ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Xueyan Bi ◽  
Qingtao Song ◽  
Yuchao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Sea Surface ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Aerodynamic Roughness
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