Immune mechanisms in glomerulonephritis

2007 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. G. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Immune Mechanisms

IMMUNE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING OCCUPATIONAL BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES DUE TO DUST.

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Kazitskaya ◽  
N. N. Mikhailova ◽  
A. G. Zhukova ◽  
L. G. Gorokhova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Diseases

Modern pharmacological approaches to primary treatment nephrotic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Ya. F. Zverev ◽  
A. Ya. Rykunova
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Mycophenolate Mofetil ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Immune Mechanism ◽  
Immune Mechanisms

The review is devoted to the consideration of the most common drugs currently used in the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome. Mechanisms of pharmacological activity of glucocorticosteroids, ACTH, calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine A and tacrolimus, alkylating compounds cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil, mycophenolate mofetil, levamisole, abatacept, rituximab and a number of other recently created monoclonal antibodies. An attempt is made to separate the immune and non-immune mechanisms of action of the most common drugs, concerning both the impact on the immunogenetics of the noted diseases and the direct impact on the podocytes that provide permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier and the development of proteinuria. It is shown that the immune mechanisms of corticosteroids are caused by interaction with glucocorticoid receptors of lymphocytes, and nonimmune – with stimulation of the same receptors in podocytes. It was found that the activation of adrenocorticotropic hormone melanocortin receptors contributes to the beneficial effect of the drug in nephrotic syndrome. It is discussed that the immune mechanism of calcineurin inhibitors is provided by the suppression of tissue and humoral immunity, and the non-immune mechanism is largely due to the preservation of the activity of podocyte proteins such as synaptopodin and cofilin. Evidence is presented to show that the beneficial effect of rituximab in glomerulopathies is related to the interaction of the drug with the protein SMPDL-3b in lymphocytes and podocytes. The mechanisms of action of mycophenolate mofetil, inhibiting the activity of the enzyme inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase, which causes the suppression of the synthesis of guanosine nucleotides in both lymphocytes and glomerular mesangium cells, are considered. It is emphasized that the effect of levamisole in nephrotic syndrome is probably associated with the normalization of the ratio of cytokines produced by various T-helpers, as well as with an increase in the expression and activity of glucocorticoid receptors. The mechanisms of pharmacological activity of a number of monoclonal antibodies, as well as galactose, the beneficial effect of which may be provided by binding to the supposed permeability factor produced by lymphocytes, are considered.

Potential mechanisms of action of convalescent plasma in COVID-19

Diagnosis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Franchini ◽  
Claudia Glingani ◽  
Giancarlo Maria Liumbruno
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Hypercoagulable State ◽  
Human History ◽  
Catastrophic Events ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic will be remembered as one of the worst catastrophic events in human history. Unfortunately, no universally recognized effective therapeutic agents are currently available for the treatment of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this context, the use of convalescent plasma from recovered COVID-19 patients has gained increasing interest thanks to the initially positive clinical reports. A number of mechanisms of action have been proposed for convalescent plasma, including direct neutralization and suppression of viremia, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation effects and mitigation of the COVID-19-associated hypercoagulable state. These immune and non-immune mechanisms will be critically discussed in this narrative review.

scholarly journals Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy: Immune Mechanisms of Induced Protection and Tolerance

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1575
Author(s):  
Ajda Demšar Luzar ◽  
Peter Korošec ◽  
Mitja Košnik ◽  
Mihaela Zidarn ◽  
Matija Rijavec
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Hymenoptera Venom ◽  
Venom Immunotherapy ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Sting Challenge ◽  
Effectiveness Data

Hymenoptera venom allergy is one of the most severe allergic diseases, with a considerable prevalence of anaphylactic reaction, making it potentially lethal. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent findings in understanding induced immune mechanisms during different phases of venom immunotherapy. We focus on protection mechanisms that occur early, during the build-up phase, and on the immune tolerance, which occurs later, during and after Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy. The short-term protection seems to be established by the early desensitization of mast cells and basophils, which plays a crucial role in preventing anaphylaxis during the build-up phase of treatment. The early generation of blocking IgG antibodies seems to be one of the main reasons for the lower activation of effector cells. Long-term tolerance is reached after at least three years of venom immunotherapy. A decrease in basophil responsiveness correlates with tolerated sting challenge. Furthermore, the persistent decline in IgE levels and, by monitoring the cytokine profiles, a shift from a Th2 to Th1 immune response, can be observed. In addition, the generation of regulatory T and B cells has proven to be essential for inducing allergen tolerance. Most studies on the mechanisms and effectiveness data have been obtained during venom immunotherapy (VIT). Despite the high success rate of VIT, allergen tolerance may not persist for a prolonged time. There is not much known about immune mechanisms that assure long-term tolerance post-therapy.

Protective immune mechanisms against the metacestode of Echinococcus multilocularis

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gottstein ◽  
R. Felleisen
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Immune Mechanisms

Immune mechanisms of peripheral tolerance

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1327-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Renz ◽  
Udo Herz
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Tolerance ◽  
Immune Mechanisms

scholarly journals Administration of IL-23 engages innate and adaptive immune mechanisms during fungal infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Kleinschek ◽  
U. Muller ◽  
N. Schutze ◽  
R. Sabat ◽  
R. K. Straubinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals 319 The role of TLR-3 in the itch-scratch cycle of nodular prurigo - new insights into innate immune mechanisms of peripheral itch sensitization

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
pp. S215
Author(s):  
A.G. Szollosi ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
I.L. Szabó ◽  
B. Kirby ◽  
E. van den Bogaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Mechanisms

Mosquito Allergy: Immune Mechanisms and Recombinant Salivary Allergens

2004 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikang Peng ◽  
F. Estelle R. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Immune Mechanisms
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