scholarly journals 319 The role of TLR-3 in the itch-scratch cycle of nodular prurigo - new insights into innate immune mechanisms of peripheral itch sensitization

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
pp. S215
Author(s):  
A.G. Szollosi ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
I.L. Szabó ◽  
B. Kirby ◽  
E. van den Bogaard ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Sreeja Pillai ◽  
Hemant Paradkar ◽  
Anaya Pathrikar ◽  
Sandeep Pillai

 The present pandemic situation has alarmed mankind to formulate and implement effective and practical tools  to defend and confront any unexpected breakout of infectious diseases. It emphasizes the need to correct and sharpen the innate immune  mechanisms, particularly under the circumstances of long waiting periods and uncertainty with vaccines. Revisiting the Ayurvedic principle of agni and bala to correct and  enhance innate defence mechanisms in ways that can make the body ready to defend any situation of challenge. The paper explores the possibilities  of the use of Rajanyadi Churna in Kaumarabhritya.


2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreenivas Gannavaram ◽  
Parna Bhattacharya ◽  
Nevien Ismail ◽  
Amit Kaul ◽  
Rakesh Singh ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Yuya Takakubo ◽  
G. Barreto ◽  
Yrjo T. Konttinen ◽  
H. Oki ◽  
Michiaki Takagi

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 931
Author(s):  
Mayra M. Ferrari Ferrari Barbosa ◽  
Alex Issamu Kanno ◽  
Leonardo Paiva Farias ◽  
Mariusz Madej ◽  
Gergö Sipos ◽  
...  

Innate immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages are activated in response to microbial and other challenges and mount an inflammatory defensive response. Exposed cells develop the so-called innate memory, which allows them to react differently to a subsequent challenge, aiming at better protection. In this study, using human primary monocytes in vitro, we have assessed the memory-inducing capacity of two antigenic molecules of Schistosoma mansoni in soluble form compared to the same molecules coupled to outer membrane vesicles of Neisseria lactamica. The results show that particulate challenges are much more efficient than soluble molecules in inducing innate memory, which is measured as the production of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-10). Controls run with LPS from Klebsiella pneumoniae compared to the whole bacteria show that while LPS alone has strong memory-inducing capacity, the entire bacteria are more efficient. These data suggest that microbial antigens that are unable to induce innate immune activation can nevertheless participate in innate activation and memory when in a particulate form, which is a notion that supports the use of nanoparticulate antigens in vaccination strategies for achieving adjuvant-like effects of innate activation as well as priming for improved reactivity to future challenges.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anaisa Valido Ferreira ◽  
Jorge Domiguéz-Andrés ◽  
Mihai Gheorghe Netea

Immunological memory is classically attributed to adaptive immune responses, but recent studies have shown that challenged innate immune cells can display long-term functional changes that increase nonspecific responsiveness to subsequent infections. This phenomenon, coined <i>trained immunity</i> or <i>innate immune memory</i>, is based on the epigenetic reprogramming and the rewiring of intracellular metabolic pathways. Here, we review the different metabolic pathways that are modulated in trained immunity. Glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid, and lipid metabolism are interplaying pathways that are crucial for the establishment of innate immune memory. Unraveling this metabolic wiring allows for a better understanding of innate immune contribution to health and disease. These insights may open avenues for the development of future therapies that aim to harness or dampen the power of the innate immune response.


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