Renal Blood Flow Using Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI: Experimental Protocol and Principles

AbstractA noninvasive, robust, and reproducible method to measure renal perfusion is important to understand the physiology of kidney. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI technique labels the endogenous blood water as freely diffusible tracers to measure perfusion quantitatively without relying on exogenous contrast agent. Therefore, it alleviates the safety concern involving gadolinium chelates. To obtain quantitative tissue perfusion information is particularly relevant for multisite and longitudinal imaging of living subjects.This chapter is based upon work from the PARENCHIMA COST Action, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This experimental protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and data analysis.

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Noninvasive Renal Perfusion Measurement Using Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI: Basic Concept

Methods in Molecular Biology - Preclinical MRI of the Kidney ◽

10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_13 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 229-239

Author(s):

Min-Chi Ku ◽

María A. Fernández-Seara ◽

Frank Kober ◽

Thoralf Niendorf

Keyword(s):

Basic Concept ◽

Arterial Spin Labeling ◽

Regional Distribution ◽

Spin Labeling ◽

Renal Perfusion ◽

The European Union ◽

Perfusion Measurement ◽

Metabolic Products ◽

Renal Mri ◽

The Cost

AbstractThe kidney is a complex organ involved in the excretion of metabolic products as well as the regulation of body fluids, osmolarity, and homeostatic status. These functions are influenced in large part by alterations in the regional distribution of blood flow between the renal cortex and medulla. Renal perfusion is therefore a key determinant of glomerular filtration. Therefore the quantification of regional renal perfusion could provide important insights into renal function and renal (patho)physiology. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) based perfusion MRI techniques, can offer a noninvasive and reproducible way of measuring renal perfusion in animal models. This chapter addresses the basic concept of ASL-MRI.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.

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Quantitative Assessment of Renal Perfusion and Oxygenation by Invasive Probes: Basic Concepts

Methods in Molecular Biology - Preclinical MRI of the Kidney ◽

10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_6 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 89-107

Author(s):

Kathleen Cantow ◽

Roger G. Evans ◽

Dirk Grosenick ◽

Thomas Gladytz ◽

Thoralf Niendorf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Injury ◽

Tissue Perfusion ◽

Renal Perfusion ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Acute Injury ◽

The European Union ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Tissue Hypoperfusion ◽

Renal Mri ◽

The Cost

AbstractRenal tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia are early key elements in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury of various origins, and may also promote progression from acute injury to chronic kidney disease. Here we describe basic principles of methodology to quantify renal hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation by means of invasive probes in experimental animals. Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are discussed in the context of the heterogeneity of renal tissue perfusion and oxygenation.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by a separate chapter describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.

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Monitoring Renal Hemodynamics and Oxygenation by Invasive Probes: Experimental Protocol

Methods in Molecular Biology - Preclinical MRI of the Kidney ◽

10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_19 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 327-347

Author(s):

Kathleen Cantow ◽

Mechthild Ladwig-Wiegard ◽

Bert Flemming ◽

Andreas Pohlmann ◽

Thoralf Niendorf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Animal ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Perfusion ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Renal Hemodynamics ◽

Acute Injury ◽

The European Union ◽

Experimental Protocol ◽

Integrative Physiology ◽

Renal Mri

AbstractRenal tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia are early key elements in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury of various origins, and may also promote progression from acute injury to chronic kidney disease. Here we describe methods to study control of renal hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation by means of invasive probes in anesthetized rats. Step-by-step protocols are provided for two setups, one for experiments in laboratories for integrative physiology and the other for experiments within small-animal magnetic resonance scanners.This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This experimental protocol chapter is complemented by a separate chapter describing the basic concepts of quantitatively assessing renal perfusion and oxygenation with invasive probes.

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Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) MRI-Derived Renal Perfusion and Filtration: Experimental Protocol

Methods in Molecular Biology - Preclinical MRI of the Kidney ◽

10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_25 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 429-441

Author(s):

Pietro Irrera ◽

Lorena Consolino ◽

Walter Dastrù ◽

Michael Pedersen ◽

Frank G. Zöllner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Perfusion ◽

The European Union ◽

Experimental Protocol ◽

Small Molecular Weight ◽

Dce Mri ◽

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Renal Mri ◽

The Cost

AbstractDynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) can provide a noninvasive way for assessing renal functional information following the administration of a small molecular weight gadolinium-based contrast agent. This method may be useful for investigating renal perfusion and glomerular filtration rates of rodents in vivo under various experimental (patho)physiological conditions. Here we describe a step-by-step protocol for DCE-MRI studies in small animals providing practical notes on acquisition parameters, sequences, T1 mapping approaches and procedures.This chapters is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This experimental protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and data analysis.

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