Earthquake Source Parameters: Rapid Estimates for Tsunami Forecasts and Warnings

2021 ◽  
pp. 299-333
Author(s):  
Barry Hirshorn ◽  
Stuart Weinstein ◽  
Dailin Wang ◽  
Kanoa Koyanagi ◽  
Nathan Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Parameters ◽  
Earthquake Source ◽  
Earthquake Source Parameters

scholarly journals Earthquake source parameters that display the first digit phenomenon

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-632
Author(s):  
P. A. Toledo ◽  
S. R. Riquelme ◽  
J. A. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Moment ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Source ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Earthquake Source Parameters ◽  
Self Organized Criticality

Abstract. We study the main parameters of earthquakes from the perspective of the first digit phenomenon: the nonuniform probability of the lower first digit different from 0 compared to the higher ones. We found that source parameters like coseismic slip distributions at the fault and coseismic inland displacements show first digit anomaly. We also found the tsunami runups measured after the earthquake to display the phenomenon. Other parameters found to obey first digit anomaly are related to the aftershocks: we show that seismic moment liberation and seismic waiting times also display an anomaly. We explain this finding by invoking a self-organized criticality framework. We demonstrate that critically organized automata show the first digit signature and we interpret this as a possible explanation of the behavior of the studied parameters of the Tohoku earthquake.

scholarly journals Tsunami hazard warning and risk prediction based on inaccurate earthquake source parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuichiro Goda ◽  
Kamilla Abilova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Earthquake Source ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Earthquake Source Parameters ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Tsunami Warnings ◽  
Hazard Warning

Abstract. This study investigates the issues related to underestimation of the earthquake source parameters in the context of tsunami early warning and tsunami risk assessment. The magnitude of a very large event may be underestimated significantly during the early stage of the disaster, resulting in the issuance of incorrect tsunami warnings. Tsunamigenic events in the Tohoku region of Japan, where the 2011 tsunami occurred, are focused on as a case study to illustrate the significance of the problems. The effects of biases in the estimated earthquake magnitude on tsunami loss are investigated using a rigorous probabilistic tsunami loss calculation tool that can be applied to a range of earthquake magnitudes by accounting for uncertainties of earthquake source parameters (e.g., geometry, mean slip, and spatial slip distribution). The quantitative tsunami loss results provide valuable insights regarding the importance of deriving accurate seismic information as well as the potential biases of the anticipated tsunami consequences. Finally, the usefulness of rigorous tsunami risk assessment is discussed in defining critical hazard scenarios based on the potential consequences due to tsunami disasters.

Non-parametric spectral modelling of source parameters, path attenuation and site effects from broad-band waveforms of the Alborz earthquakes (2005–2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 1514-1531
Author(s):  
Somayeh Ahmadzadeh ◽  
G Javan Doloei ◽  
Stefano Parolai ◽  
Adrien Oth
Keyword(s):  
Source Parameters ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Earthquake Source ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Magnitude Range ◽  
Earthquake Source Parameters ◽  
Generalized Inversion Technique ◽  
Non Parametric

SUMMARY S-wave spectral amplitudes from 312 crustal earthquakes recorded at the Iranian National Broadband Seismic Network in the Alborz region between 2005 and 2017 are analysed in order to evaluate earthquake source parameters, path attenuation and site amplification functions using the non-parametric generalized inversion technique (GIT). We exploit a total number of 1117 seismograms with ML 3–5.6 in the frequency range 0.3–20 Hz. The evaluated non-parametric attenuation functions decay uniformly with distance for the entire frequency range and the estimated S-wave quality factor shows low Q values with relatively strong frequency dependence. We assume the omega-square source model to retrieve earthquake source parameters from the inverted source spectra. The obtained stress drops range from 0.02 to 16 MPa with a mean value of 1.1 MPa. Stress drop and radiated energy show fairly self-similar scaling with seismic moment over the available magnitude range; however, the magnitude range of this study is too narrow to draw a definite conclusion on source scaling characteristics. The obtained moment magnitude Mw and the local magnitude ML are linearly correlated and approximately equivalent in the range of Mw 3–4. For larger events, Mw generally underestimates ML by about 0.1–0.5 magnitude units. The estimated site amplification functions for horizontal component (GIT H) are nearly flat with no obvious pre-dominant frequency peaks for most stations, as expected for the sites of permanent broad-band seismic stations located on rock, though a few stations show amplification peaks from 1 to 8 Hz, with a maximum amplification of about a factor of 7 with respect to the reference site. The evaluated site responses for the vertical components present remarkable amplification or deamplification, leading to differences of the H/V amplitude levels in comparison with the GIT H amplification curves. The results of this study provide a valuable basis for predicting appropriate ground motions in a context of seismic hazard assessment.

Exploring Spatial Coherence between Earthquake Source Parameters

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 2564-2571 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Song ◽  
A. Pitarka ◽  
P. Somerville
Keyword(s):  
Source Parameters ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Earthquake Source ◽  
Earthquake Source Parameters
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