Interaction of Posture and Locomotion and Initiation of Locomotion in Decerebrate Cats and Freely Moving Intact Cats

1986 ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigemi Mori ◽  
Y. Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Freely Moving ◽  
Decerebrate Cats

Augmented renal sympathetic nerve activity by central command during overground locomotion in decerebrate cats

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. H1115-H1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanji Matsukawa ◽  
Jun Murata ◽  
Tetsuya Wada
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Decerebrate Cats ◽  
Rostral Part ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

We examined whether the cerebrum is essential for producing the rapid autonomic adjustment at the onset of spontaneous overground locomotion. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and electromyogram of the forelimb triceps brachialis were measured when freely moving, decerebrate cats spontaneously produced overground locomotion, supporting body weight. Decerebration was performed at the level of the precollicular-premammillary body. RSNA increased 95 ± 14 impulses/s (68 ± 10% of baseline value) at the onset of spontaneous locomotion, which was followed by rises in MAP and HR (7 ± 1 mmHg and 18 ± 2 beats/min, respectively). Concomitantly with the MAP rise, RSNA declined toward control values and then increased again during the subsequent period of locomotion. The same rapid increase in RSNA at the onset of locomotion was observed after sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy. It is concluded that some central site(s), other than the cerebrum and the rostral part of the diencephalon, can generate the centrally induced autonomic adjustment at the onset of spontaneous overground locomotion, which is independent of arterial baroreceptor and vagal afferents.

Cardiovascular responses during spontaneous overground locomotion in freely moving decerebrate cats

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1454-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Sadamoto ◽  
Kanji Matsukawa
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Brachialis Muscle ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Contrasting Effect ◽  
Rapid Adjustment ◽  
Integrated Electromyogram ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Decerebrate Cats ◽  
Cardiovascular Adjustment

Sadamoto, Tomoko, and Kanji Matsukawa. Cardiovascular responses during spontaneous overground locomotion in freely moving decerebrate cats. J. Appl. Physiol.83(5): 1454–1460, 1997.—To examine whether the cerebrum is essential for producing the rapid cardiovascular adjustment at the beginning of overground locomotion, we examined heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and integrated electromyogram (iEMG) of the forelimb triceps brachialis muscle in freely moving decerebrate cats during locomotion. Two to four days after decerebration surgery performed at the level of the precollicular-premammillary body, the animals spontaneously produced coordinated overground locomotion, supporting body weight. HR began to increase immediately before the onset of iEMG, and MAP began to rise almost simultaneously with the iEMG onset. Their increases in HR and MAP (24 ± 3 beats/min and 22 ± 4 mmHg) were sustained during locomotion. Sinoaortic denervation (SAD) did not affect the abrupt changes in HR and MAP at the beginning of locomotion (0–4 s from the onset of iEMG), whereas SAD had a contrasting effect during the subsequent period, a decrease in the HR response (9 ± 1 beats/min) and an increase in the MAP response (30 ± 3 mmHg). These results suggest that the cerebrum and the rostral part of the diencephalon are not essential for producing the rapid cardiovascular adjustment at the beginning of spontaneous overground locomotion. The arterial baroreflex does not contribute to this rapid adjustment but plays an important role in regulating the cardiovascular responses during the later period of spontaneous locomotion.

A Comparative study on secure routing algorithms SAODV and A-SAODV in Mobile AdHoc Networks (MANET) – The Enhancements of AODV

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-423
Author(s):  
JARUPULA RAJESHWAR ◽  
Dr G NARSIMHA
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Mobile Adhoc Networks ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Basic Protocol ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Adhoc Networks ◽  
Secure Routing Protocols

A freely moving nodes forming as group to communicate among themselves are called as Mobile AdHoc Networks (MANET). Many applications are choosing this MANET for effective commutation due to its flexible nature in forming a network. But due to its openness characteristics it is posing many security challenges. As it has highly dynamic network topology security for routing is playing a major role. We have very good routing protocols for route discovery as well as for transporting data packers but most of them lack the feature of security like AODV. In this paper we are studying the basic protocol AODV and identify how it can be made secure. We are studying a protocol S-AODV which is a security extension of AODV which is called Secure AODV (S-AODV) and we are studying enhanced version of S-AODV routing protocol a Adaptive Secure AODV (A-SAODV). Finally we have described about the parameter to be taken for performance evaluation of different secure routing protocols

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document