The Future for Acute Oral Toxicity Testing

1991 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
David G. Clark ◽  
Robin Fielder ◽  
Clive Joseph ◽  
John Gardner ◽  
Maurice Smith
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
The Future

Refinement and Reduction of Acute Oral Toxicity Testing: A Critical Review of the Use of Cytotoxicity Data

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnhild Schrage ◽  
Katja Hempel ◽  
Markus Schulz ◽  
Susanne N. Kolle ◽  
Bennard van Ravenzwaay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity

scholarly journals Acute Oral Toxicity Testing of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Garcinia mangostana Linn Extract in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rahmayanti ◽  
D.F. Suniarti ◽  
Z.A. Mas`ud ◽  
B.M. Bachtiar ◽  
Y.S. Wimardhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Reducing animal numbers in the fixed-dose procedure

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Stallard ◽  
A. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity

The fixed-dose procedure (FDP) was proposed by the British Toxicology Society (1984) 1as an alternative to assessment of acute oral toxicity via estimation of the LD50. The procedure is incorporated in OECD guidelines on acute oral toxicity testing.2 Whitehead and Curnow (1992)3used a mathematical model to describe the statistical properties of the FDP. This paper uses a simplified model to investigate further the procedure. In particular the effects of altering the number of animals included at each stage in the procedure are evaluated. It is shown that a reduction in the number of animals tested makes little difference to the toxic classifi cation of a substance with a steep dose-response curve, but has increasing effect as the dose-response curve becomes shallower. The simplified model also shows that in the proposed procedure the most likely classification depends on the LD 7 of the substance tested. Changing the number of animals tested results in the most likely classification depending on other LD values. The effect of additional variation is also considered. Such variation might arise from within-laboratory differ ences. Although this increases the range of substances for which misclassification is likely, the increase is not much affected by the number of animals tested.

Experiences with cytotoxicity assays to select starting doses for acute oral toxicity testing

2011 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. S158
Author(s):  
E.J. Fabian ◽  
A. Schrage ◽  
K. Hempel ◽  
S. Kolle ◽  
M. Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assays

Acute Oral Toxicity Testing: Scientific Evidence and Practicability Should Govern Three Rs Activities

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Buesen ◽  
Uwe Oberholz ◽  
Ursula G. Sauer ◽  
Robert Landsiedel
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY TESTING OF NEWLY DISCOVERED POTENTIAL ANTIHEPATITIS B VIRUS AGENTS OF PLANT ORIGIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subaiea Gm ◽  
Aljofan M ◽  
Devadasu Vr ◽  
Alshammari Tm
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Objective: Our previous studies indicate that alkaloids could be developed as potential antihepatitis B agents. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro antihepatitis B virus (HBV) activity and in vivo acute oral toxicity of three isoquinoline alkaloids [-(-) Canadine, Corydadine, and Berberine] obtained from Fumaria and Corydalis species. The compounds were selected based on their therapeutic indexes calculated previously in vitro.Methods: The antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of selected isoquinoline alkaloids were evaluated in vitro in HepG2 cells. In vivo, acute oral toxicity was performed in female mice following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guideline-423 (acute toxicity class method).Results: The selected agents have shown high antiviral activity against HBV and low cytotoxicity in vitro. The results obtained from an acute oral toxicity study revealed that the LD50 of all the test compounds was >2000 mg/kg when administered orally to mice. All the tested compounds fall under the category 5 (unclassified) according to the Globally Harmonized System, with a LD50 value >2000 mg/kg when orally administered to mice.Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that OR-13 and MNAD can be studied further and can be developed as antihepatitis B drugs.

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