Testimony as Art: Varlam Shalamov’s ‘Condensed Milk’

This study was conducted to develop a selective and sensitive method for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) levels in milk and dairy products. A method based on solvent extraction with acetonitrile and solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed for the analysis of BPA in milk, yogurt, cream, butter, pudding, condensed milk, and flavored milk, and a method using two SPE cartridges (OASIS HLB and Florisil cartridge) for skim milk was also developed. The developed methods showed good recovery levels (77 to 102%) together with low detection limits (1 μg/liter for milk, yogurt, pudding, condensed milk, flavored milk, and skim milk and 3 μg/liter for cream and butter). These methods are simple, sensitive, and suitable for the analysis of BPA in milk and dairy products. When 40 milk and dairy products were analyzed by the proposed methods, BPA was not identified in noncanned products, but its levels ranged from 21 to 43 μg/kg in canned products, levels that were 60- to 140-fold lower than the migration limits in the European Union and Japan.

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The National Institute for Research in Dairying, Shinfield, Reading

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.1951.0042 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 205 (1083) ◽

pp. 453-467

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Total Population ◽

Dairy Industry ◽

Milk Products ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

A Value ◽

Condensed Milk ◽

Liquid Milk ◽

Dairy Equipment ◽

Turn Over

The dairy industry in the United Kingdom to-day is of a size which few, even of those working in the industry, fully realize. In this industry one must include milk production on the farm, the handling, processing and distribution of liquid milk, the manufacture of milk products such as butter, cheese, dried and condensed milk, the manufacture and distribution of feeding stuffs for dairy stock, the manufacture of dairy equipment and machinery and other minor ancillary industries. Including the dependents of those actually engaged in milk production or utilization, approximately 5 % of the total population of this country is supported by the dairy industry. In monetary values, the present annual turn-over, in liquid milk alone, considerably exceeds £200 million. Measured in volume of liquid milk consumed per head of the population—a value more easily translatable into the coinage of national health— no less than 31 gal. of liquid milk per head were consumed on the average by every individual in this country during 1949.

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Die wichtigsten Nahrungsmittel und Getränke, deren Verunreinigungen und Verfälschungen. Praktischer Wegweiser zu deren Erkennung von Oscar Dietzsch, Chemiker der Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co. in Cham und Cantonschemiker von Zug. Vierte, gänzlich umgearbeitete und vermehrte Auflage, nebst einem Anhang: Untersuchungen hausräthlicher Gegenstände in Bezug auf gesundheitsschädliche Stoffe. Zürich, Orell Füssli & Co., 1883. Preis 6 Mark

Archiv der Pharmazie ◽

10.1002/ardp.18832211169 ◽

1883 ◽

Vol 221 (11) ◽

pp. 876-876

Author(s):

G. Hofmann

Keyword(s):

Condensed Milk

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